Skender Belma, Vaculova Alena Hyrslova, Hofmanova Jirina
Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Brno, Czech Republic.
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2012 Sep;156(3):186-99. doi: 10.5507/bp.2012.093. Epub 2012 Oct 4.
Experimental, epidemiological and clinical data substantiate the beneficial role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing inflammation and cancer of the colon. This review covers the unsaturated docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA), describes some of its important cellular and molecular mechanisms, its interaction with another dietary lipid, butyrate and with endogenous apoptotic regulators of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family. We also discuss the clinical impact of this knowledge and the use of these lipids in colon cancer prevention and treatment.
From the literature, DHA has been shown to suppress the growth, induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in vitro and decrease the incidence and growth of experimental tumours in vivo. Based on these data and our own experimental results, we describe and discuss the possible mechanisms of DHA anticancer effects at various levels of cell organization. We show that DHA can sensitize colon cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents and affect the action of physiological apoptotic regulators of the TNF family.
Use of n-3 PUFAs could be a relatively non-toxic form of supportive therapy for improving colon cancer treatment and slowing down or preventing its recurrence. However, it is necessary to use them with caution, based on solid scientific evidence of their mechanisms of action from the molecular to the cellular and organism levels.
实验、流行病学及临床数据均证实n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）在预防结肠炎症和癌症方面具有有益作用。本综述涵盖了不饱和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），描述了其一些重要的细胞和分子机制，及其与另一种膳食脂质丁酸以及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）家族内源性凋亡调节因子的相互作用。我们还讨论了这些知识的临床影响以及这些脂质在结肠癌预防和治疗中的应用。
从文献中可知，DHA已被证明在体外可抑制结肠癌细胞生长、诱导其凋亡，并在体内降低实验性肿瘤的发生率和生长速度。基于这些数据以及我们自己的实验结果，我们描述并讨论了DHA在细胞组织的各个层面发挥抗癌作用的可能机制。我们表明，DHA可使结肠癌细胞对其他化疗/化学预防剂敏感，并影响TNF家族生理性凋亡调节因子的作用。
使用n-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能是一种相对无毒的支持性治疗方式，有助于改善结肠癌治疗并减缓或预防其复发。然而，基于从分子到细胞及机体层面有关其作用机制的确凿科学证据，有必要谨慎使用它们。
