Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 20;24(14):11691. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411691.
Cancer is a significant global public health issue and, despite advancements in detection and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Cancer is a complex disease characterized by various hallmarks, including dysregulation in apoptotic cell death pathways. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that efficiently eliminates damaged cells. Several studies have indicated the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in apoptosis, including omega-3 PUFAs such as alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. However, the role of omega-6 PUFAs, such as linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid, in apoptosis is controversial, with some studies supporting their activation of apoptosis and others suggesting inhibition. These PUFAs are essential fatty acids, and Western populations today have a high consumption rate of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs. This review focuses on presenting the diverse molecular mechanisms evidence in both in vitro and in vivo models, to help clarify the controversial involvement of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in apoptosis mechanisms in cancer.
癌症是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，尽管在检测和治疗方面取得了进展，但预后仍然很差。癌症是一种复杂的疾病，具有多种特征，包括细胞凋亡途径的失调。细胞凋亡是一种程序性细胞死亡过程，能够有效地清除受损细胞。多项研究表明，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）参与细胞凋亡，包括ω-3 PUFAs，如α-亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸。然而，ω-6 PUFAs，如亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸，在细胞凋亡中的作用存在争议，一些研究支持它们激活细胞凋亡，而另一些研究则表明它们抑制细胞凋亡。这些 PUFAs 是必需脂肪酸，如今西方人群的ω-6 到 ω-3 PUFAs 摄入量很高。本综述重点介绍了在体外和体内模型中证据充分的不同分子机制，以帮助阐明ω-3 和 ω-6 PUFAs 在癌症细胞凋亡机制中的争议性作用。
