Clarke P G H, Clarke S
Departement de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologie, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Exp Oncol. 2012 Oct;34(3):139-45.
This paper reviews research on cell death in the 19th C. The first report of cell death was by Vogt in 1842, which was remarkably soon after the establishment of the cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann between 1838 and 1842. Initial studies on cell death, including that of Vogt, focused on its occurrence in metamorphosis (Vogt, 1842; Prévost and Lebert, 1844; Weismann, 1863-1866) or in blatant pathology (Virchow, 1858), but as histological techniques improved it was found to be involved in more subtle roles in numerous situations including endochondral ossification (Stieda, 1872), ovarian follicle atresia (Flemming, 1885), cell turnover (Nissen, 1886), the wholesale loss of a population of sensory neurons in fish (Beard, 1889), and the naturally occurring histogenetic death of myocytes (Felix, 1889) and neurons (Collin, 1906). The current categorization of cell death into about three main morphological types has 19th century roots in that apoptosis was well described by Flemming (1885), who called it chromatolysis, and various authors including Noetzel (1895) proposed a threefold classification. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later".
本文回顾了19世纪关于细胞死亡的研究。细胞死亡的首次报告由沃格特于1842年发表,这距离施莱登和施旺在1838年至1842年间建立细胞理论后不久。包括沃格特的研究在内,对细胞死亡的初步研究聚焦于其在变态过程(沃格特,1842年;普雷沃斯特和勒贝尔,1844年;魏斯曼,1863 - 1866年)或明显病理状态(菲尔绍,1858年)中的发生情况,但随着组织学技术的改进,人们发现它在许多更细微的情况中也发挥作用,包括软骨内成骨(施蒂达,1872年)、卵巢卵泡闭锁(弗莱明,1885年)、细胞更新(尼森,1886年)、鱼类一群感觉神经元的大量丧失(比尔德,1889年)以及心肌细胞(费利克斯,1889年)和神经元(科林,1906年)自然发生的组织发生性死亡。目前将细胞死亡大致分为三种主要形态类型的分类在19世纪就有根源,因为弗莱明(1885年)对凋亡进行了很好的描述,他称之为染色质溶解,包括诺策尔(1895年)在内的多位作者提出了三重分类法。本文是名为“凋亡:四十年后”的特刊的一部分。