Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
Sports Biomech. 2012 Sep;11(3):370-81. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2011.637122.
This study investigated the effects of both anterior-posterior position and inclination of a back plate positioned on a starting platform on swimming start performance. Ten male college swimmers performed eight starts with varying combinations of take-off angle (normal and lower), inclination angle (10 degrees, 25 degrees, 45 degrees, and 65 degrees) and position (0.29, 0.44, and 0.59 m from the front edge of the starting block). Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA; take-off angle x backplate) for four conditions with take-off angles (normal and lower) and inclinations (10 degrees and 45 degrees), and one-way ANOVA for comparisons between four inclinations and three positions were carried out. Multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni's method. The main effects of the take-off angle were on the vertical and resultant take-off velocities [F(1,18) = 36.72, p < 0.001 and F(1,18) = 9.58, p = 0.013, respectively]. Comparisons between the plate positions showed that the 5 m time of the 0.29 m condition was significantly longer, the take-off angle and vertical take-off velocity of the 0.59 m condition were significantly lower, and horizontal and resultant take-off velocities of the 0.29 m condition were significantly less. Rear foot take-off times were significantly longer in the ascending order: 0.29, 0.44, and 0.59 m.
本研究旨在探讨置于出发台上的背板的前后位置和倾斜角度对游泳出发性能的影响。10 名男性大学生以不同的起飞角度（正常和较低）、倾斜角度（10 度、25 度、45 度和 65 度）和位置（离出发台前缘 0.29、0.44 和 0.59 米）组合进行了 8 次出发。对起飞角度（正常和较低）和倾斜角度（10 度和 45 度）的四种条件进行了双向重复测量方差分析（ANOVA；起飞角度 x 背板），并对四种倾斜角度和三种位置之间的差异进行了单向 ANOVA 分析。采用 Bonferroni 法进行多重比较。起飞角度的主要作用是对垂直和最终起飞速度的影响[F(1,18) = 36.72，p < 0.001 和 F(1,18) = 9.58，p = 0.013]。对背板位置的比较表明，0.29 米条件的 5 米时间显著延长，0.59 米条件的起飞角度和垂直起飞速度显著降低，0.29 米条件的水平和最终起飞速度显著降低。后脚起飞时间依次显著延长：0.29、0.44 和 0.59 米。
