国际游泳锦标赛 50 米和 100 米自由泳项目中，传统和新型带背板出发台与最终成绩和分段时间的关系。
Relationship between final performance and block times with the traditional and the new starting platforms with a back plate in international swimming championship 50-m and 100-m freestyle events.
机构信息
Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura , Caceres, Spain ;
Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain ;
出版信息
J Sports Sci Med. 2013 Dec 1;12(4):698-706. eCollection 2013.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between block time and final performance for each sex in 50-m and 100-m individual freestyle, distinguishing between classification (1st to 3rd, 4th to 8th, 9th to 16th) and type of starting platform (old and new) in international competitions. Twenty-six international competitions covering a 13-year period (2000-2012) were analysed retrospectively. The data corresponded to a total of 1657 swimmers' competition histories. A two-way ANOVA (sex x classification) was performed for each event and starting platform with the Bonferroni post-hoc test, and another two-way ANOVA for sex and starting platform (sex x starting platform). Pearson's simple correlation coefficient was used to determine correlations between the block time and the final performance. Finally, a simple linear regression analysis was done between the final time and the block time for each sex and platform. The men had shorter starting block times than the women in both events and from both platforms. For 50-m event, medalists had shorter block times than semi- finalists with the old starting platforms. Block times were directly related to performance with the old starting platforms. With the new starting platforms, however, the relationship was inverse, notably in the women's 50-m event. The block time was related for final performance in the men's 50- m event with the old starting platform, but with the new platform it was critical only for the women's 50-m event. Key PointsThe men had shorter block times than the women in both events and with both platforms.For both distances, the swimmers had shorter block times in their starts from the new starting platform with a back plate than with the old platform.For the 50-m event with the old starting platform, the medalists had shorter block times than the semi-finalists.The new starting platform block time was only determinant in the women's 50-m event.In order to improve performance, specific training with the new platform with a back plate should be considered.
本研究旨在探讨 50 米和 100 米个人自由泳中每个性别在分组（1 至 3 名、4 至 8 名、9 至 16 名）和出发平台类型（旧平台和新平台）之间的分块时间与最终成绩之间的关系。对 26 项涵盖 13 年（2000-2012 年）的国际比赛进行了回顾性分析。数据对应于总共 1657 名游泳运动员的比赛记录。对每个项目和出发平台进行了性别 x 分类的双因素方差分析（two-way ANOVA），并使用 Bonferroni 事后检验进行了比较，对性别和出发平台进行了另一个双因素方差分析（sex x starting platform）。使用 Pearson 简单相关系数来确定分块时间与最终成绩之间的相关性。最后，对每个性别和平台的最终时间和分块时间进行了简单线性回归分析。在两个项目和两个平台上，男性的出发块时间都短于女性。在 50 米项目中，旧平台上的奖牌获得者的出发块时间短于半决赛选手。分块时间与旧平台上的表现直接相关。然而，在新平台上，关系则相反，尤其是在女子 50 米项目中。对于男子 50 米项目，旧平台上的分块时间与最终成绩相关，但对于新平台，女子 50 米项目则是决定性的。关键点：
在两个项目和两个平台上，男性的出发块时间都短于女性。
在两个距离上，运动员从带有背板的新出发平台出发的分块时间都短于旧平台。
对于带有旧出发平台的 50 米项目，奖牌获得者的出发块时间短于半决赛选手。
新出发平台的分块时间仅在女子 50 米项目中起决定作用。
为了提高成绩，应考虑使用带有背板的新平台进行专项训练。
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