Ikeda Yusuke, Ichikawa Hiroshi, Nara Rio, Baba Yasuhiro, Shimoyama Yoshimitsu, Kubo Yasuyuki
1 Niigata University of Health and Welfare.
2 Japan Institute of Sports Sciences.
J Appl Biomech. 2016 Oct;32(5):462-8. doi: 10.1123/jab.2015-0303. Epub 2016 Aug 19.
This study investigated factors that determine the velocity of the center of mass (CM) and flight distance from a track start to devise effective technical and physical training methods. Nine male and 5 female competitive swimmers participated in this study. Kinematics and ground reaction forces of the front and back legs were recorded using a video camera and force plates. The track start was modeled as an inverted pendulum system including a compliant leg, connecting the CM and front edge of the starting block. The increase in the horizontal velocity of the CM immediately after the start signal was closely correlated with the rotational component of the inverted pendulum. This rotational component at hands-off was significantly correlated with the average vertical force of the back plate from the start signal to hands-off (r = .967, P < .001). The flight distance / height was significantly correlated with the average vertical force of the front plate from the back foot-off to front foot-off (r = .783, P < .01). The results indicate that the legs on the starting block in the track start play a different role in the behavior of the inverted pendulum.
本研究调查了决定质心（CM）速度和从蹬离出发台到飞行距离的因素，以设计有效的技术和体能训练方法。九名男性和五名女性竞技游泳运动员参与了本研究。使用摄像机和测力台记录前后腿的运动学和地面反作用力。蹬离出发台被建模为一个倒立摆系统，包括一条柔顺的腿，连接质心和出发台的前沿。出发信号发出后质心水平速度的增加与倒立摆的旋转分量密切相关。脱手时的这个旋转分量与从出发信号到脱手时后板的平均垂直力显著相关（r = 0.967，P < 0.001）。飞行距离/高度与从后脚蹬离到前脚蹬离时前板的平均垂直力显著相关（r = 0.783，P < 0.01）。结果表明，蹬离出发台时出发台上的腿在倒立摆的运动中发挥着不同的作用。
