Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Physiol Rev. 2012 Oct;92(4):1813-64. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2011.
The neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is essential for a wide range of physiological functions, including water reabsorption, cardiovascular homeostasis, hormone secretion, and social behavior. These and other actions of AVP are mediated by at least three distinct receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b, and V2. Although the antidiuretic action of AVP and V2 receptor in renal distal tubules and collecting ducts is relatively well understood, recent years have seen an increasing understanding of the physiological roles of V1a and V1b receptors. The V1a receptor is originally found in the vascular smooth muscle and the V1b receptor in the anterior pituitary. Deletion of V1a or V1b receptor genes in mice revealed that the contributions of these receptors extend far beyond cardiovascular or hormone-secreting functions. Together with extensively developed pharmacological tools, genetically altered rodent models have advanced the understanding of a variety of AVP systems. Our report reviews the findings in this important field by covering a wide range of research, from the molecular physiology of V1a and V1b receptors to studies on whole animals, including gene knockout/knockdown studies.
神经垂体激素精氨酸血管加压素（AVP）对广泛的生理功能至关重要，包括水的重吸收、心血管稳态、激素分泌和社会行为。AVP 的这些作用以及其他作用是由至少三种不同的受体亚型介导的：V1a、V1b 和 V2。尽管 AVP 的抗利尿作用和 V2 受体在肾脏远曲小管和集合管中的作用相对较好理解，但近年来对 V1a 和 V1b 受体的生理作用的认识不断增加。V1a 受体最初存在于血管平滑肌中，V1b 受体存在于垂体前叶中。在小鼠中删除 V1a 或 V1b 受体基因表明，这些受体的作用远远超出了心血管或激素分泌功能。与广泛开发的药理学工具一起，基因改变的啮齿动物模型促进了对各种 AVP 系统的理解。我们的报告通过涵盖从 V1a 和 V1b 受体的分子生理学到包括基因敲除/敲低研究在内的整体动物研究的广泛研究，综述了这一重要领域的发现。
