Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;8(1):163-79. doi: 10.1007/s11481-012-9410-z. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Classical evidence in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the animal model of MS, support the relevance of sympatoadrenergic as well as of dopaminergic mechanisms. In MS patients, dysregulation of adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways contribute to the disease in immune system cells as well as in glial cells. Available evidence is summarized and discussed also in the light of the novel role of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline as transmitters in immune cells, providing a conceptual frame to exploit the potential of several dopaminergic and adrenergic agents, already in clinical use for non-immune indications and with a usually favourable risk-benefit profile, as add-on drugs to conventional immunomodulating therapies in MS.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病，其特征为炎症、脱髓鞘和轴突丢失。实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎（MS 的动物模型）中的经典证据支持交感神经和多巴胺能机制的相关性。在 MS 患者中，肾上腺素能和多巴胺能途径的失调不仅会影响免疫系统细胞，也会影响神经胶质细胞，从而导致疾病的发生。本文还总结了现有的证据，并根据多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素作为免疫细胞中递质的新作用进行了讨论，为利用几种已经用于非免疫适应症的多巴胺能和肾上腺素能药物提供了概念框架，这些药物通常具有良好的风险效益比，可以作为 MS 常规免疫调节治疗的附加药物。
