Department of Bio and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Cell Adh Migr. 2013 Jan-Feb;7(1):27-32. doi: 10.4161/cam.22126. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
In plant development, cell-to-cell signaling is mediated by mobile signals, including transcription factors and small RNA molecules. This communication is essential for growth and patterning. Short-range movement of signals occurs in the extracellular space via the apoplastic pathway or directly from cell-to-cell via the symplastic pathway. Symplastic transport is mediated by plant specific structures called plasmodesmata, which are plasma membrane-lined pores that traverse the cell walls of adjacent cells thus connecting their cytoplasms. However, a thorough understanding of molecules moving via plasmodesmata and regulatory networks relying on symplastic signaling is lacking. Traffic via plasmodesmata is highly regulated, and callose turnover is known to be one mechanism. In Arabidopsis, plasmodesmata apertures can be regulated in a spatially and temporally specific manner with the icals3m, an inducible vector system expressing the mutated CalS3 gene encoding a plasmodesmata localized callose synthase that increases callose deposition at plasmodesmata. We discuss strategies to use the icals3m system for global analyses on symplastic signaling in plants.
在植物发育过程中，细胞间信号转导是由移动信号介导的，包括转录因子和小 RNA 分子。这种通讯对于生长和模式形成至关重要。信号的短距离运动通过质外体途径在细胞外空间中发生，或者通过胞质体途径直接从一个细胞到另一个细胞。胞质体运输是由称为胞间连丝的植物特有的结构介导的，胞间连丝是穿过相邻细胞细胞壁的质膜衬里孔，从而连接它们的细胞质。然而，对于通过胞间连丝移动的分子和依赖胞质体信号的调节网络的深入了解还很缺乏。胞间连丝的运输受到高度调控，已知 callose 周转是一种机制。在拟南芥中，质膜孔可以以空间和时间特异性的方式被调节，这要归功于 icals3m，这是一种可诱导的载体系统，表达突变的 CalS3 基因，该基因编码一种位于质膜的 callose 合酶，可增加质膜孔处的 callose 沉积。我们讨论了使用 icals3m 系统对植物胞质体信号进行全局分析的策略。
