Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, and Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2012 Oct;6(3):200-8. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2012.48.
The 2010 earthquake in Haiti was unprecedented in its impact. The dual loss of the Haitian government and United Nations (UN) leadership led to an atypical disaster response driven by the US government and military. Although the response was massive, the leadership and logistical support were initially insufficient, and the UN cluster system struggled with the overwhelming influx of nontraditional agencies and individuals, which complicated the health care response. Moreover, the provision of care was beyond the country's health care standards. The management of the US government resembled a whole-of-government domestic response, combined with a massive military presence that went beyond logistical support. Among the most important lessons learned were the management of the response and how it could be strengthened by adapting a structure such as the domestic National Response Framework. Also, mechanisms were needed to increase the limited personnel to surge in a major response. One obvious pool has been the military, but the military needs to increase integration with the humanitarian community and improve its own humanitarian response expertise. In addition, information management needs standardized tools and analysis to improve its use of independent agencies.
2010 年海地地震的影响前所未有。海地政府和联合国（UN）领导层的双重丧失导致了美国政府和军方主导的非典型灾难应对。尽管反应规模庞大，但领导层和后勤支持最初不足，联合国分组系统难以应对非传统机构和个人的大量涌入，这使得医疗应对变得复杂。此外，提供的护理超出了该国的医疗保健标准。美国政府的管理类似于国内政府的全面应对，同时还伴随着超出后勤支持范围的大规模军事存在。其中最重要的经验教训包括应对管理，以及如何通过采用国内国家响应框架等结构来加强应对。此外，还需要建立机制来增加在重大应对中激增的有限人员。一个明显的来源是军队，但军队需要加强与人道主义界的融合，并提高其自身的人道主义应对专业知识。此外，信息管理需要标准化工具和分析，以提高对独立机构的利用。
