MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, CB1 9NL, Cambridge, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012 Oct 18;9:126. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-126.
Eating context is the immediate environment of each eating occasion (EO). There is limited knowledge on the effects of the eating context on food consumption in children, due to the difficulty in measuring the multiple eating contexts children experience throughout the day. This study applied ecological momentary assessment using food diaries to explore the relationships between eating context and fruit and vegetable consumption in UK children.
Using 4 d unweighed food diaries, data were collected for 642 children aged 1.5-10y in two years of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2010). Participants recorded all foods and drinks consumed at each EO, where and with whom the food was consumed, whether the TV was on and if eaten at a table. Mixed logistic regression and mixed multinomial logistic regression were used to calculate associations between eating contexts and fruit and vegetables (FV) consumed by quartiles.
Of 16,840 EOs, 73% took place at home and 31% with parents only. Frequency of eating alone and with friends increased with age. Compared to eating at home, children aged 1.5-3y were more likely to consume fruit at care outside home (>10-50g OR:2.39; >50-100g OR:2.12); children aged 4-6y were more likely to consume fruit (>50-100g OR:3.53; >100g OR:1.88) and vegetables at school (>30-60g OR:3.56). Compared to eating with parents only, children aged 1.5-3y were more likely to consume fruit with friends (>10-50g OR:2.69; >50-100g OR:3.49), and with carer and other children/others (>10-50g OR:2.25); children aged 4-6y were more likely to consume fruit (>50-100g OR:1.96) and vegetables with friends (>30-60g OR:3.56). Children of all ages were more likely to eat vegetables when the TV was off than on and at a table than not at table.
The use of food diaries to capture multiple eating contexts and detailed fruit and vegetable consumption data was demonstrated at a population level. Higher odds of FV consumption were seen from structured settings such as school and care outside home than at home, as well as when eating at a table and the TV off. This study highlights eating contexts where provision of fruit and vegetables could be improved, especially at home. Future research should take eating context into consideration when planning interventions to target children's food consumption and eating behaviour.
进食环境是每次进食的即时环境（EO）。由于难以衡量儿童全天经历的多种进食环境，因此对于进食环境对儿童食物消费的影响知之甚少。本研究使用食物日记进行生态瞬时评估，以探索英国儿童的进食环境与水果和蔬菜消费之间的关系。
使用 4 天的无称重食物日记，在英国国家饮食与营养调查（2008-2010 年）的两年中，对 642 名 1.5-10 岁的儿童进行了数据收集。参与者记录了每次 EO 中所食用的所有食物和饮料，以及食用的地点和对象，电视是否打开以及是否在餐桌上食用。使用混合逻辑回归和混合多项逻辑回归来计算进食环境与按四分位数食用的水果和蔬菜（FV）之间的关联。
在 16840 次 EO 中，有 73%发生在家庭中，31%仅与父母一起。独自进食和与朋友一起进食的频率随着年龄的增长而增加。与在家中进食相比，1.5-3 岁的儿童在户外活动场所（>10-50g 的 OR：2.39；>50-100g 的 OR：2.12）；4-6 岁的儿童更有可能在学校（>30-60g 的 OR：3.56）食用水果。与仅与父母一起进食相比，1.5-3 岁的儿童更有可能与朋友一起食用水果（>10-50g 的 OR：2.69；>50-100g 的 OR：3.49），以及与护理者和其他孩子/其他人（>10-50g 的 OR：2.25）；4-6 岁的儿童更有可能食用水果（>50-100g 的 OR：1.96）和蔬菜与朋友（>30-60g 的 OR：3.56）。所有年龄段的儿童在关闭电视时比打开电视时更有可能食用蔬菜，在餐桌上比不在餐桌上时更有可能食用蔬菜。
本研究在人群水平上展示了使用食物日记来捕捉多种进食环境和详细的水果和蔬菜消费数据的方法。与在家中相比，在学校和户外活动场所等结构化环境中进食时，儿童摄入水果和蔬菜的几率更高，而在餐桌上进食且关闭电视时几率更高。这项研究强调了改善水果和蔬菜供应的进食环境，特别是在家中的重要性。未来的研究应在规划针对儿童食物消费和饮食习惯的干预措施时，考虑到进食环境。
