INRA, UR251 PESSAC, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France.
Chemosphere. 2013 Jan;90(3):895-900. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.034. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
Pesticide risk assessments include experiments designed to measure the effect of pesticides on earthworms using the Eisenia fetida fetida or Eisenia fetida andrei species. There is no clear consensus in the literature on the sensitivity of different earthworm species to pesticides. We performed a meta-analysis on the sensitivity of several earthworm species to pesticides to determine the most sensitive species, and to discuss their suitability for European homologation tests. A dataset including median lethal dose (LC50) values reported in 44 experimental treatments was constructed and then analyzed in order to compare the sensitivity levels of E. fetida with that of other earthworm species. Results showed that LC50 values reported for Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa were on average significantly lower than for E. fetida. Considering the relatively high LC50 values reported for E. fetida and the absence of this species from zones where pesticides are usually applied, the relevance of using E. fetida for pesticide homologation tests is questionable and we advise risk assessors to use A. caliginosa as model species. A new protocol based on this species could be proposed for European homologation tests but its implementation will require the definition of a new standard and take time. In the meantime, the results obtained with E. fetida should be interpreted with caution taking into account the low sensitivity of this species. Our study illustrates the value of the meta-analysis approach for comparing the sensitivity of different earthworm species to pesticides. It would be useful to extend the dataset presented in this paper in order to analyze the sensitivity of other aquatic or terrestrial organism groups used for pesticide homologation or ecotoxicology tests.
农药风险评估包括旨在使用赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida fetida）或威廉环毛蚓（Eisenia fetida andrei）物种测量农药对蚯蚓影响的实验。文献中对于不同蚯蚓物种对农药的敏感性尚无明确共识。我们对几种蚯蚓物种对农药的敏感性进行了荟萃分析，以确定最敏感的物种，并讨论它们对欧洲同源性测试的适用性。构建了一个包含 44 种实验处理中报告的中位致死剂量（LC50）值的数据集，并对其进行了分析，以比较赤子爱胜蚓与其他蚯蚓物种的敏感性水平。结果表明，Lumbricus terrestris 和 Aporrectodea caliginosa 的 LC50 值报告平均值明显低于赤子爱胜蚓。考虑到赤子爱胜蚓报告的 LC50 值相对较高，并且该物种不在通常使用农药的区域，因此使用赤子爱胜蚓进行农药同源性测试的相关性值得怀疑，我们建议风险评估人员使用 A. caliginosa 作为模型物种。可以为欧洲同源性测试提出基于该物种的新方案，但实施需要定义新标准并需要时间。在此期间，应谨慎解释使用赤子爱胜蚓获得的结果，因为该物种的敏感性较低。我们的研究说明了荟萃分析方法在比较不同蚯蚓物种对农药敏感性方面的价值。扩展本文中提出的数据集以分析用于农药同源性或生态毒理学测试的其他水生或陆生生物群体的敏感性将是有用的。
