Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2013 Jan-Mar;6(1):45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2012.05.003. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
Psychosis is a subjective and experiential phenomenon of the mind, influenced by cognitive and socio-cultural patterns of the individual. The neurobiological correlate of this phenomenon is the dysfunction of brain dopaminergic pathways. This article reviews the scientific evidence on the theoretical approaches of the dopaminergic hypothesis of psychosis and its relationship with the reward and salience systems. The aberrant salience occurs when the dysregulation of dopamine transmission produces a mistaken interpretation of neutral or irrelevant stimuli as a source of reward or punishment. Advances in neuroscience achieved in the last decade have led to the conceptualization of the constructs of visual, social and emotional salience, to test the hypothesis of aberrant salience in psychosis. Psychosis appears, therefore, as a trans-nosological pathological process, relatively nonspecific, which alters the attribution system of reality.
精神病是一种主观的、经验性的心理现象，受到个体认知和社会文化模式的影响。这一现象的神经生物学相关物是大脑多巴胺能途径的功能障碍。本文综述了精神病多巴胺假说的理论方法及其与奖励和突显系统关系的科学证据。当多巴胺传递的失调导致对中性或不相关刺激的错误解释，将其视为奖励或惩罚的来源时，就会出现异常突显。过去十年中神经科学的进展导致了视觉、社会和情感突显的概念化，以检验精神病中异常突显的假设。因此，精神病似乎是一种跨疾病的病理过程，相对非特异性，它改变了现实的归因系统。
