社会-感觉界面:人际知觉中的类别相互作用。
The social-sensory interface: category interactions in person perception.
机构信息
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA.
出版信息
Front Integr Neurosci. 2012 Oct 17;6:81. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00081. eCollection 2012.
Research is increasingly challenging the claim that distinct sources of social information-such as sex, race, and emotion-are processed in discrete fashion. Instead, there appear to be functionally relevant interactions that occur. In the present article, we describe research examining how cues conveyed by the human face, voice, and body interact to form the unified representations that guide our perceptions of and responses to other people. We explain how these information sources are often thrown into interaction through bottom-up forces (e.g., phenotypic cues) as well as top-down forces (e.g., stereotypes and prior knowledge). Such interactions point to a person perception process that is driven by an intimate interface between bottom-up perceptual and top-down social processes. Incorporating data from neuroimaging, event-related potentials (ERP), computational modeling, computer mouse-tracking, and other behavioral measures, we discuss the structure of this interface, and we consider its implications and adaptive purposes. We argue that an increased understanding of person perception will likely require a synthesis of insights and techniques, from social psychology to the cognitive, neural, and vision sciences.
研究越来越多地挑战了这样一种观点,即社会信息的不同来源(如性别、种族和情绪)是以离散的方式被处理的。相反,似乎存在着功能相关的相互作用。在本文中,我们描述了研究如何考察人脸、声音和身体所传达的线索如何相互作用,形成统一的表示,指导我们对他人的感知和反应。我们解释了这些信息来源是如何通过自下而上的力量(例如,表型线索)以及自上而下的力量(例如,刻板印象和先验知识)而相互作用的。这种相互作用表明,一种由自下而上的感知和自上而下的社会过程之间的密切接口驱动的人物感知过程。我们结合了来自神经影像学、事件相关电位(ERP)、计算建模、计算机鼠标追踪和其他行为测量的数据,讨论了这个接口的结构,并考虑了它的意义和适应目的。我们认为,对人物感知的理解很可能需要从社会心理学到认知、神经和视觉科学的综合见解和技术。