Kesner Ladislav, Horáček Jiří
Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental HealthKlecany, Czechia; Department of Art History, Masaryk University BrnoBrno, Czechia.
Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Czechia.
Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 24;8:228. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00228. eCollection 2017.
Existing theories of empathic response to visual art works postulate the primacy of automatic embodied reaction to images based on mirror neuron mechanisms. Arguing for a more inclusive concept of empathy-related response and integrating four distinct bodies of literature, we discuss contextual, and personal factors which modulate empathic response to depicted people. We then present an integrative model of empathy-related responses to depicted people in art works. The model assumes that a response to empathy-eliciting figural artworks engages the dynamic interaction of two mutually interlinked sets of processes: socio-affective/cognitive processing, related to the person perception, and esthetic processing, primarily concerned with esthetic appreciation and judgment and attention to non-social aspects of the image. The model predicts that the specific pattern of interaction between empathy-related and esthetic processing is co-determined by several sets of factors: (i) the viewer's individual characteristics, (ii) the context variables (which include various modes of priming by narratives and other images), (iii) multidimensional features of the image, and (iv) aspects of a viewer's response. Finally we propose that the model is implemented by the interaction of functionally connected brain networks involved in socio-cognitive and esthetic processing.
现有的关于对视觉艺术作品产生共情反应的理论假定，基于镜像神经元机制，对图像的自动具身反应具有首要地位。我们主张采用一个更具包容性的与共情相关反应的概念，并整合四类不同的文献，讨论调节对所描绘人物产生共情反应的情境因素和个人因素。然后，我们提出了一个针对艺术作品中所描绘人物的共情相关反应的综合模型。该模型假定，对引发共情的具象艺术作品的反应涉及两组相互关联的过程的动态交互：与人物感知相关的社会情感/认知处理，以及主要涉及审美欣赏、判断和对图像非社会方面关注的审美处理。该模型预测，共情相关处理与审美处理之间的特定交互模式由几组因素共同决定：（i）观看者的个体特征，（ii）情境变量（包括通过叙事和其他图像进行的各种启动模式），（iii）图像的多维特征，以及（iv）观看者反应的各个方面。最后，我们提出该模型是通过参与社会认知和审美处理的功能连接脑网络的交互来实现的。
