Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Feb;20(2):834-47. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1238-9. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
Chlorinated ethenes (CE) are among the most frequent contaminants of soil and groundwater in the Czech Republic. Because conventional methods of subsurface contamination investigation are costly and technically complicated, attention is directed on alternative and innovative field sampling methods. One promising method is sampling of tree cores (plugs of woody tissue extracted from a host tree). Volatile organic compounds can enter into the trunks and other tissues of trees through their root systems. An analysis of the tree core can thus serve as an indicator of the subsurface contamination. Four areas of interest were chosen at the experimental site with CE groundwater contamination and observed fluctuations in groundwater concentrations. CE concentrations in groundwater and tree cores were observed for a 1-year period. The aim was to determine how the CE concentrations in obtained tree core samples correlate with the level of contamination of groundwater. Other factors which can affect the transfer of contaminants from groundwater to wood were also monitored and evaluated (e.g., tree species and age, level of groundwater table, river flow in the nearby Ploučnice River, seasonal effects, and the effect of the remediation technology operation). Factors that may affect the concentration of CE in wood were identified. The groundwater table level, tree species, and the intensity of transpiration appeared to be the main factors within the framework of the experiment. Obtained values documented that the results of tree core analyses can be used to indicate the presence of CE in the subsurface. The results may also be helpful to identify the best sampling period for tree coring and to learn about the time it takes until tree core concentrations react to changes in groundwater conditions. Interval sampling of tree cores revealed possible preservation of the contaminant in the wood of trees.
氯代乙烯（CE）是捷克共和国土壤和地下水中最常见的污染物之一。由于地下污染调查的常规方法成本高且技术复杂，因此人们关注替代和创新的现场采样方法。一种很有前途的方法是采集树木芯样（从宿主树木中提取的木质组织的塞子）。挥发性有机化合物可以通过根系进入树干和其他组织。因此，对树木芯样的分析可以作为地下污染的指示物。在实验场地选择了四个具有 CE 地下水污染和地下水浓度波动的关注区域。对地下水和树木芯样中的 CE 浓度进行了为期一年的观察。目的是确定从获得的树木芯样中提取的 CE 浓度与地下水污染水平的相关性。还监测和评估了可能影响污染物从地下水向木材转移的其他因素（例如，树种和树龄、地下水位水平、附近 Ploučnice 河的河流水流、季节性影响以及修复技术操作的影响）。确定了可能影响木材中 CE 浓度的因素。在实验框架内，地下水位、树种和蒸腾强度似乎是主要因素。获得的值记录表明，树木芯样分析的结果可用于指示地下水中存在 CE。结果还可能有助于确定最佳的树木芯样采集时间，并了解树木芯样浓度对地下水条件变化的反应时间。树木芯样的间隔采样揭示了污染物在树木木材中可能被保存下来。
