Higher School of Health Technologies of Lisbon-IPL, Lisbon, Portugal.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2012;75(22-23):1341-50. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2012.721165.
Although numerous studies have been conducted on microbial contaminants associated with various stages related to poultry and meat products processing, only a few reported on fungal contamination of poultry litter. The goals of this study were to (1) characterize litter fungal contamination and (2) report the incidence of keratinophilic and toxigenic fungi presence. Seven fresh and 14 aged litter samples were collected from 7 poultry farms. In addition, 27 air samples of 25 litters were also collected through impaction method, and after laboratory processing and incubation of collected samples, quantitative colony-forming units (CFU/m³) and qualitative results were obtained. Twelve different fungal species were detected in fresh litter and Penicillium was the most frequent genus found (59.9%), followed by Alternaria (17.8%), Cladosporium (7.1%), and Aspergillus (5.7%). With respect to aged litter, 19 different fungal species were detected, with Penicillium sp. the most frequently isolated (42.3%), followed by Scopulariopsis sp. (38.3%), Trichosporon sp. (8.8%), and Aspergillus sp. (5.5%). A significant positive correlation was found between litter fungal contamination (CFU/g) and air fungal contamination (CFU/m³). Litter fungal quantification and species identification have important implications in the evaluation of potential adverse health risks to exposed workers and animals. Spreading of poultry litter in agricultural fields is a potential public health concern, since keratinophilic (Scopulariopsis and Fusarium genus) as well as toxigenic fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium genus) were isolated.
尽管已经有许多研究针对与家禽和肉类产品加工相关的各个阶段的微生物污染物进行了研究，但只有少数研究报告了家禽垫料中的真菌污染情况。本研究的目的是：（1）描述垫料中的真菌污染情况；（2）报告角蛋白亲和性和产毒真菌的存在情况。从 7 个家禽养殖场采集了 7 个新鲜和 14 个陈旧的垫料样本。此外，还通过撞击法采集了 27 个 25 个垫料的空气样本，对收集的样本进行实验室处理和培养后，获得了定量的菌落形成单位（CFU/m³）和定性结果。在新鲜垫料中检测到了 12 种不同的真菌物种，其中青霉属是最常见的属（59.9%），其次是交链孢属（17.8%）、枝孢属（7.1%）和曲霉属（5.7%）。对于陈旧垫料，检测到了 19 种不同的真菌物种，其中青霉属分离株最为常见（42.3%），其次是帚霉属（38.3%）、丝孢酵母属（8.8%）和曲霉属（5.5%）。垫料真菌污染（CFU/g）和空气真菌污染（CFU/m³）之间存在显著的正相关关系。垫料真菌定量和物种鉴定对于评估暴露于其中的工人和动物的潜在不良健康风险具有重要意义。家禽垫料在农业领域的传播是一个潜在的公共卫生问题，因为角蛋白亲和性（帚霉属和镰刀菌属）和产毒真菌（曲霉属、镰刀菌属和青霉属）都被分离出来了。
