Krysińska-Traczyk Ewa, Perkowski Juliusz, Kostecki Marian, Dutkiewicz Jacek, Kiecana Irena
Zakładu Biologicznych Szkodliwości Zawodowych, Instytutu Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie.
Med Pr. 2003;54(2):133-8.
The studies to determine the level of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins were carried out in samples of grain and grain dust during threshing of cereals by a combine harvester. High concentration of fungi was noted in grain and grain dust samples, it ranged from 5.0 to 520.0 cfu/g.10(3) and from 275.0 to 2825.0 cfu/g.10(3), respectively Allergizing and toxigenic fungi of Alternaria, Geotrichum, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium species were observed in the study samples of grain and grain dust. In the samples of wheat grain, mycotoxins were also noted: moniliformin (MON), deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA); their concentrations ranged from 0.025 to 0.088 microgram/g; 0.015-0.068 microgram/g; and from 0.0004 to 0.0008 microgram/g, respectively. The level of mycotoxins in the grain dust samples was within the range of 0.025-0.149 microgram/g-MON; 0.015-0.215 microgram/g-DON; 0.015-0.360 microgram/g-NIV; and 0.0004-0.0012 microgram/g-OTA. A significant correlation was observed between the occurrence of fungi of Fusarium species and the concentration of pathologic mycotoxins. The results confirm a considerable occupational risk among farmers engaged in grain threshing due to inhalation of pathogenic species of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins.
通过联合收割机对谷物进行脱粒时，对谷物和谷粒粉尘样本开展了丝状真菌和霉菌毒素水平的研究。在谷物和谷粒粉尘样本中发现真菌浓度很高，分别为5.0至520.0 cfu/g.10(3)和275.0至2825.0 cfu/g.10(3)。在谷物和谷粒粉尘的研究样本中观察到了链格孢属、地霉属、枝孢属、青霉属、曲霉属和镰刀菌属的致敏和产毒真菌。在小麦籽粒样本中还检测到了霉菌毒素：串珠镰刀菌素（MON）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）；其浓度分别为0.025至0.088微克/克、0.015 - 0.068微克/克和0.0004至0.0008微克/克。谷粒粉尘样本中的霉菌毒素水平为0.025 - 0.149微克/克 - MON、0.015 - 0.215微克/克 - DON、0.015 - 0.360微克/克 - NIV和0.0004 - 0.0012微克/克 - OTA。观察到镰刀菌属真菌的存在与病理性霉菌毒素浓度之间存在显著相关性。结果证实，从事谷物脱粒工作的农民因吸入致病性丝状真菌和霉菌毒素而面临相当大的职业风险。
