Lorsbach T C
University of Nebraska, Omaha.
Am J Psychol. 1990 Spring;103(1):21-36.
Glenberg's theory of temporal distinctiveness (Glenberg, 1987; Glenberg & Swanson, 1986) was used to examine whether the buildup of proactive inhibition (PI) may be interpreted as an overloading of temporal retrieval cues. The Brown-Peterson task was selected on the basis of the assumption that successful performance on such a task requires the use of a recency rule where the subject must use temporal cues to retrieve the contents of the most recent study list. Two variables were manipulated that were presumed to affect the utilization of temporal cues: length of intertrial interval (ITI) (0 or 90 s) and adult age (young or elderly). Glenberg's theory suggests that temporal spacing improves memory by enhancing the distinctiveness of temporal retrieval cues. Thus, it was predicted that PI buildup should be less in the 90-s condition than in the 0-s condition. Assuming that older adults are more sensitive to the overloading of temporal cues, it was anticipated that older adults would experience a greater buildup of PI than younger adults at the 0-s condition. Results showed that although PI buildup varied with length of ITI, it did not vary with adult age. Analysis of delayed measures of recall, recognition, and temporal memory suggested that a retrieval interpretation based on Glenberg's theory is insufficient as an explanation of the current results; encoding difficulties also appear to contribute to the buildup of PI.
格伦伯格的时间独特性理论（格伦伯格，1987年；格伦伯格和斯旺森，1986年）被用于检验前摄抑制（PI）的积累是否可被解释为时间检索线索的过载。选择布朗-彼得森任务是基于这样一种假设，即在此类任务上的成功表现需要使用近因规则，即受试者必须利用时间线索来检索最近学习列表的内容。操纵了两个被认为会影响时间线索利用的变量：试次间隔（ITI）的长度（0或90秒）和成年人年龄（年轻人或老年人）。格伦伯格的理论表明，时间间隔通过增强时间检索线索的独特性来改善记忆。因此，预计在90秒条件下PI的积累应比在0秒条件下少。假设老年人对时间线索的过载更敏感，预计在0秒条件下老年人比年轻人会经历更大的PI积累。结果表明，虽然PI的积累随ITI长度而变化，但不随成年人年龄而变化。对回忆、识别和时间记忆的延迟测量分析表明，基于格伦伯格理论的检索解释不足以解释当前结果；编码困难似乎也导致了PI的积累。
