CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia.
Indian J Microbiol. 2008 Mar;48(1):65-79. doi: 10.1007/s12088-008-0007-4. Epub 2008 May 1.
Enzymes are central to the biology of many pesticides, influencing their modes of action, environmental fates and mechanisms of target species resistance. Since the introduction of synthetic xenobiotic pesticides, enzymes responsible for pesticide turnover have evolved rapidly, in both the target organisms and incidentally exposed biota. Such enzymes are a source of significant biotechnological potential and form the basis of several bioremediation strategies intended to reduce the environmental impacts of pesticide residues. This review describes examples of enzymes possessing the major activities employed in the bioremediation of pesticide residues, and some of the strategies by which they are employed. In addition, several examples of specific achievements in enzyme engineering are considered, highlighting the growing trend in tailoring enzymatic activity to a specific biotechnologically relevant function.
酶是许多农药生物学的核心，影响其作用模式、环境命运和靶标物种抗性的机制。自合成异生物质农药问世以来，负责农药转化的酶在靶标生物和偶然暴露的生物群中迅速进化。这些酶是具有重要生物技术潜力的来源，也是几种旨在减少农药残留对环境影响的生物修复策略的基础。本文综述了具有生物修复农药残留主要活性的酶的实例，以及它们的一些应用策略。此外，还考虑了一些特定的酶工程应用实例，突出了将酶活性定制为特定生物技术相关功能的趋势。
