Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 34 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013 Jan;90(1):103-9. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0868-4. Epub 2012 Oct 27.
Diurnal samples of PM(1) (submicrometer particles, having aerodynamic diameters not greater than 1 μm) were collected at an urban background site in Zabrze (from 01.08. to 31.12.2009) and a rural background site in Racibórz (from 01.08. to 31.12.2010). The samples were analyzed for carbon (organic and elemental), water soluble ions (Na(+), NH(4) (+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-)) and concentrations of 21 elements by using, respectively, a Sunset Laboratory carbon analyzer, a Herisau Metrohm AG ion chromatograph, a PANalitycal Epsilon 5 spectrometer. To perform the monthly mass closure calculations for PM(1), the chemical components were categorized into organic matter (OM), elemental carbon (EC), secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA), crustal matter (CM), marine components (MC), other elements (OE) and unidentified matter (UM). The mass contributions of secondary (SOM) and primary (POM) organic matter to PM(1) were also estimated. In average, 50 % of PM(1) in Zabrze and 40 % in Racibórz were secondary aerosol coming from the transformations of its gaseous precursors. High concentrations and mass contributions of EC and OM to PM, and probable PM acidic nature in Zabrze, indicate particularly high hazard from the ambient submicrometer particles to the inhabitants of southern Poland.
以在扎布热的城市背景点（2009 年 8 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日）和拉齐布日的农村背景点（2010 年 8 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日）采集的 PM(1)（亚微米粒子，空气动力学直径不大于 1 μm）的日样本进行了分析。使用 Sunset Laboratory 碳分析仪、Herisau Metrohm AG 离子色谱仪和 PANalitycal Epsilon 5 光谱仪，分别对碳（有机和元素）、水溶性离子（Na(+)、NH(4) (+)、K(+)、Mg(2+)、Ca(2+)、Cl(-)、NO(3)(-)、SO(4)(2-)）和 21 种元素的浓度进行了分析。为了进行 PM(1)的每月质量闭合计算，将化学组分分为有机物（OM）、元素碳（EC）、二次无机气溶胶（SIA）、地壳物质（CM）、海洋成分（MC）、其他元素（OE）和未识别物质（UM）。还估计了 PM(1)中二次（SOM）和一次（POM）有机物的质量贡献。平均而言，扎布热的 PM(1)中 50%，拉齐布日的 PM(1)中 40%是二次气溶胶，来自其气态前体的转化。EC 和 OM 对 PM 的高浓度和质量贡献，以及扎布热中 PM 的可能酸性性质，表明来自环境亚微米颗粒对波兰南部居民的特别高的危害。
