Krause Kirsten, Oetke Svenja, Krupinska Karin
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway.
Institute of Botany, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel 24098, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(9):11085-11101. doi: 10.3390/ijms130911085. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
Changes in the developmental or metabolic state of plastids can trigger profound changes in the transcript profiles of nuclear genes. Many nuclear transcription factors were shown to be controlled by signals generated in the organelles. In addition to the many different compounds for which an involvement in retrograde signaling is discussed, accumulating evidence suggests a role for proteins in plastid-to-nucleus communication. These proteins might be sequestered in the plastids before they act as transcriptional regulators in the nucleus. Indeed, several proteins exhibiting a dual localization in the plastids and the nucleus are promising candidates for such a direct signal transduction involving regulatory protein storage in the plastids. Among such proteins, the nuclear transcription factor WHIRLY1 stands out as being the only protein for which an export from plastids and translocation to the nucleus has been experimentally demonstrated. Other proteins, however, strongly support the notion that this pathway might be more common than currently believed.
质体发育或代谢状态的变化可引发核基因转录谱的深刻改变。许多核转录因子已被证明受细胞器产生的信号调控。除了众多被讨论参与逆向信号传导的不同化合物外，越来越多的证据表明蛋白质在质体到细胞核的通讯中发挥作用。这些蛋白质在作为细胞核中的转录调节因子发挥作用之前，可能被隔离在质体中。实际上，几种在质体和细胞核中都有双重定位的蛋白质，是涉及质体中调节蛋白储存的这种直接信号转导的有希望的候选者。在这类蛋白质中，核转录因子WHIRLY1脱颖而出，因为它是唯一一种已通过实验证明从质体输出并转运到细胞核的蛋白质。然而，其他蛋白质有力地支持了这样一种观点，即该途径可能比目前认为的更为普遍。
