Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
Analyst. 2013 Jan 7;138(1):72-86. doi: 10.1039/c2an35744e. Epub 2012 Nov 1.
Every few years, a novel material with salient and often unique properties emerges and attracts both academic and industrial interest from the scientific community. The latest blockbuster is graphene, an increasingly important nanomaterial with atomically thin sheets of carbon, which has become a shining star and has shown great promise in the field of material science and nanotechnology. In recent years, it has changed from being the exclusive domain of physicists to the new passion of chemists and biologists. Graphene and its derivatives are now at the forefront of nearly every rapidly developing field of science and engineering, including biochemistry, biomedicine and certain cutting-edge interdisciplines that have intense popularity. The aim of this review is, firstly, to provide readers with a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth prospective of graphene's band structure and properties, and secondly, to concentrate on the recent progress in producing graphene-based nanomaterials, including mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, chemical reduction of graphene oxide, total organic synthesis, electrochemical synthesis and other fabrication strategies widely accepted by research scientists. At the same time, important definitions related to graphene are also introduced. The focus of this Tutorial Review is to emphasize the current situation and significance of using this new kind of two-dimensional material in the hot and emerging fields that are closely related to human life quality, for instance, cell biochemistry, bioimaging along with other frontier areas. Finally, the latest developments and possible impact that affect the heart of the whole scientific community have been discussed. In addition, the future trends along with potential challenges of this rapidly rising layered carbon have been pointed out in this paper.
每隔几年，就会出现一种具有显著且通常独特性质的新型材料，吸引科学界的学术界和工业界的兴趣。最新的热门材料是石墨烯，这是一种越来越重要的纳米材料，由原子薄的碳原子片组成，它已成为一颗闪亮的明星，在材料科学和纳米技术领域展现出巨大的前景。近年来，它已经从物理学家的专属领域转变为化学家、生物学家的新热点。石墨烯及其衍生物现在处于几乎每一个快速发展的科学和工程领域的前沿，包括生物化学、生物医学和某些具有强烈人气的前沿交叉学科。本文综述的目的首先是为读者提供对石墨烯能带结构和性质的全面、系统和深入的前瞻性介绍，其次是集中讨论制备基于石墨烯的纳米材料的最新进展，包括机械剥离、化学气相沉积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积、氧化石墨烯的化学还原、全有机合成、电化学合成和其他被研究科学家广泛接受的制造策略。同时，还介绍了与石墨烯相关的重要定义。本教程综述的重点是强调在与人类生活质量密切相关的热门新兴领域中使用这种新型二维材料的现状和意义，例如细胞生物化学、生物成像以及其他前沿领域。最后，讨论了影响整个科学界核心的最新发展和可能的影响。此外，本文还指出了这种快速崛起的层状碳所面临的未来趋势和潜在挑战。
