Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health and Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Jan;167(1):14-20. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.417.
To examine the effect of fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption on total energy intake, dietary indicators, and beverage consumption.
Individual-level fixed-effects estimation based on 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls.
Nationally representative data from the 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Children aged 2 to 11 years (n = 4717) and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 4699).
Daily total energy intake in kilocalories; intake of grams of sugar, total fat, saturated fat, and protein and milligrams of sodium; and total grams of sugar-sweetened beverages, regular soda, and milk consumed.
Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption, respectively, was associated with a net increase in daily total energy intake of 126.29 kcal and 160.49 kcal for children and 309.53 kcal and 267.30 kcal for adolescents and with higher intake of regular soda (73.77 g and 88.28 g for children and 163.67 g and 107.25 g for adolescents) and sugar-sweetened beverages generally. Fast-food consumption increased intake of total fat (7.03-14.36 g), saturated fat (1.99-4.64 g), and sugar (5.71-16.24 g) for both age groups and sodium (396.28 mg) and protein (7.94 g) for adolescents. Full-service restaurant consumption was associated with increases in all nutrients examined. Additional key findings were (1) adverse effects on diet were larger for lower-income children and adolescents and (2) among adolescents, increased soda intake was twice as large when fast food was consumed away from home than at home.
Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption is associated with higher net total energy intake and poorer diet quality.
研究快餐和全方位服务餐厅消费对总能量摄入、饮食指标和饮料消费的影响。
基于 2 份非连续 24 小时膳食回忆的个体水平固定效应估计。
来自 2003-2004、2005-2006 和 2007-2008 年全国健康和营养检查调查的全国代表性数据。
2 至 11 岁的儿童（n=4717）和 12 至 19 岁的青少年（n=4699）。
每天摄入的千卡总能量；糖、总脂肪、饱和脂肪和蛋白质的克数以及钠的毫克数；以及摄入的含糖饮料、普通苏打水和牛奶的总克数。
快餐和全方位服务餐厅的消费分别使儿童每天的总能量摄入净增加 126.29 千卡和 160.49 千卡，青少年分别增加 309.53 千卡和 267.30 千卡，并且增加了普通苏打水（儿童分别为 73.77 克和 88.28 克，青少年为 163.67 克和 107.25 克）和一般含糖饮料的摄入量。快餐消费增加了两组儿童的总脂肪（7.03-14.36 克）、饱和脂肪（1.99-4.64 克）和糖（5.71-16.24 克）以及青少年的钠（396.28 毫克）和蛋白质（7.94 克）的摄入量。全方位服务餐厅的消费与所研究的所有营养素的增加有关。其他主要发现包括：（1）对低收入儿童和青少年的饮食影响更大；（2）在青少年中，当在家外食用快餐时，苏打水的摄入量增加了两倍。
快餐和全方位服务餐厅的消费与更高的净总能量摄入和更差的饮食质量有关。
