Preisser Alexandra M, Budnik Lygia T, Baur Xaver
Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Int Marit Health. 2012;63(3):133-9.
Headache, concentration and memory disorders, dizziness and nausea, skin irritation, respiratory distress, and muscle cramps - isolated or in various combinations - may be the result of acute or chronic intoxication by fumigants. The occurrence of these symptoms in workers who are engaged in the opening and unloading of containers, unpacking of imported goods, ventilating of containers, or working on bulk carriers are urgent indications of intoxication by fumigants or other toxic chemical residues in the transported goods. The severity of the disorder depends on the concentration and duration of exposure, distribution and release of the fumigant, its kinetics, the individual susceptibility of the person, as well as any simultaneous exposure to other toxic substances. Physical symptoms, acute and chronic health effects due to contact with fumigants, are complex and difficult to discover. In this article we explain how to identify the guiding symptoms and describe the appropriate diagnostic steps and the prevention of such events on cargo vessels as well as in the logistics and the handling of imported goods.
头痛、注意力不集中和记忆障碍、头晕和恶心、皮肤刺激、呼吸窘迫以及肌肉痉挛——单独出现或多种症状同时出现——可能是熏蒸剂急性或慢性中毒的结果。从事集装箱开箱和卸货、进口货物拆包、集装箱通风或在散货船上工作的工人出现这些症状，是货物中熏蒸剂或其他有毒化学残留物中毒的紧急迹象。病症的严重程度取决于接触的浓度和持续时间、熏蒸剂的分布和释放、其动力学、个体易感性，以及同时接触其他有毒物质的情况。接触熏蒸剂导致的身体症状、急性和慢性健康影响很复杂，难以发现。在本文中，我们将解释如何识别主要症状，并描述适当的诊断步骤以及在货船上以及进口货物的物流和处理过程中预防此类事件的方法。
