State University of Campinas, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2012 Dec;9(12):1505-24. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2012.738664. Epub 2012 Nov 10.
One of the most common strategies for pain control during and after surgical procedures is the use of local anesthetics. Prolonged analgesia can be safely achieved with drug delivery systems suitably chosen for each local anesthetic agent.
This review considers drug delivery formulations of local anesthetics designed to prolong the anesthetic effect and decrease toxicity. The topics comprise the main drug delivery carrier systems (liposomes, biopolymers, and cyclodextrins) for infiltrative administration of local anesthetics. A chronological review of the literature is presented, including details of formulations as well as the advantages and pitfalls of each carrier system. The review also highlights pharmacokinetic data on such formulations, and gives an overview of the clinical studies published so far concerning pain control in medicine and dentistry.
The design of novel drug delivery systems for local anesthetics must focus on how to achieve higher uploads of the anesthetic into the carrier, and how to sustain its release. This comprehensive review should be useful to provide the reader with the current state-of-art regarding drug delivery formulations for local anesthetics and their possible clinical applications.
在手术过程中和手术后控制疼痛最常用的策略之一是使用局部麻醉剂。通过为每种局部麻醉剂选择合适的药物递送系统，可以安全地实现长时间的镇痛效果。
本综述考虑了旨在延长麻醉效果和降低毒性的局部麻醉剂的药物递送制剂。这些主题包括用于局部麻醉浸润给药的主要药物递送载体系统（脂质体、生物聚合物和环糊精）。本文对文献进行了时间顺序的回顾，包括制剂的详细信息以及每个载体系统的优缺点。该综述还强调了此类制剂的药代动力学数据，并概述了迄今为止关于医学和牙科领域疼痛控制的临床研究。
设计新型局部麻醉剂的药物递送系统必须着眼于如何提高麻醉剂在载体中的加载量，以及如何维持其释放。本综述应有助于读者了解局部麻醉剂药物递送制剂的最新技术状态及其可能的临床应用。
