Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery and Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012 May;11(3):415-23. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2012.669370. Epub 2012 Mar 8.
Topical anesthetics are frequently used to decrease the pain associated with a variety of procedures including cutaneous surgery, cosmetic treatments and laser surgery. They are also routinely used in children prior to invasive procedures, such as venipuncture. The ideal topical anesthetic should safely increase patient comfort associated with these procedures with minimal potential for adverse effects.
Topical anesthetic formulations have evolved over the past several decades to include formulations with improved efficacy and side effect profiles. However, significant adverse events are still possible.
Medical practitioners can mitigate the risk of side effects and toxicity with careful selection of anesthetic type, concentration, body location and dermatologic procedure. Compounded formulations should be used with caution in medical settings only on limited body surface areas without occlusion. This review presents a detailed analysis of products available, reported complications and an outline for appropriate use of topical anesthetics in combination with dermatologic procedures.
局部麻醉剂常用于减轻各种程序（包括皮肤外科手术、美容治疗和激光手术）相关的疼痛。在进行侵入性程序（如静脉穿刺）之前，儿童也经常使用它们。理想的局部麻醉剂应在最小的潜在不良反应的情况下，安全地增加患者对这些程序的舒适度。
在过去几十年中，局部麻醉剂配方已经发展，包括具有改善的疗效和副作用特征的配方。然而，仍然可能出现重大的不良事件。
医疗从业者可以通过仔细选择麻醉剂类型、浓度、身体部位和皮肤科程序来降低副作用和毒性的风险。在医疗环境中，只有在没有闭塞的情况下，将有限的身体表面积上使用复合配方。本综述详细分析了现有的产品、报告的并发症，并概述了在结合皮肤科程序使用局部麻醉剂的适当方法。
