Harris George D, White Russell D
Department of Community & Family Medicine, Sports Medicine Fellowship Program, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012 Nov-Dec;11(6):309-15. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3182751007.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common group of metabolic diseases and is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Most patients with diabetes are type 2 (90%); the remaining patients have type 1 disease. Athletes with diabetes range from the athlete participating in various youth sports to the competitive Olympic athlete and present a significant challenge to themselves and the medical staff who care for them on a daily basis. Each sport and the type of exercise have their own effects on diabetes management with numerous factors that significantly affect glucose levels, including stress, level of hydration, the rate of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and the secretion of counter-regulatory hormones. This article provides a general overview of diabetes mellitus, the effects of exercise on glucose levels, and a detailed review of the potential complications encountered in the management of diabetes in the athlete.
糖尿病是最常见的一组代谢性疾病，其特征是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷、胰岛素作用缺陷或两者兼而有之导致的高血糖。大多数糖尿病患者为2型糖尿病（90%）；其余患者患有1型糖尿病。患有糖尿病的运动员涵盖了从参加各种青少年运动的运动员到有竞争力的奥运会运动员，这给他们自己以及日常照顾他们的医务人员带来了重大挑战。每项运动和锻炼类型对糖尿病管理都有各自的影响，有许多因素会显著影响血糖水平，包括压力、水合程度、糖原分解和糖异生的速率以及对抗调节激素的分泌。本文概述了糖尿病、运动对血糖水平的影响，并详细综述了运动员糖尿病管理中可能遇到的潜在并发症。
