Pujalte George, Alhumaidi Hebah M, Ligaray Kenneth Patrick L, Vomer Rock P, Israni Krishna, Abadin Andre A, Meek Shon E
Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Feb 21;14(2):e22447. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22447. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease caused by affected individuals' autoimmune response to their own pancreatic beta-cell. It affects millions of people worldwide. Exercise has numerous health and social benefits for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; however, careful management of blood glucose is crucial to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Anaerobic and aerobic exercises cause different glycemic responses during and after exercise, each of which will affect athletes' ability to reach their target blood glucose ranges. The optimization of the patient's macronutrient consumption, especially carbohydrates, the dosage of basal and short-acting insulin, and the frequent monitoring of blood glucose, will enable athletes to perform at peak levels while reducing their risk of dysglycemia. Despite best efforts, hypoglycemia can occur. Recognition of symptoms and rapid treatment with either fast-acting carbohydrates or glucagon is important. Continuous glucose monitoring devices have become more widely used in preventing hypoglycemia.
1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫性疾病，由患者自身对胰腺β细胞的自身免疫反应引起。它影响着全球数百万人。运动对1型糖尿病患者有诸多健康和社会效益；然而，仔细管理血糖对于将低血糖和高血糖风险降至最低至关重要。无氧运动和有氧运动在运动期间和运动后会引起不同的血糖反应，每种反应都会影响运动员达到目标血糖范围的能力。优化患者的常量营养素摄入，尤其是碳水化合物、基础胰岛素和短效胰岛素的剂量，以及频繁监测血糖，将使运动员能够在降低血糖异常风险的同时达到最佳表现水平。尽管已尽最大努力，但仍可能发生低血糖。识别症状并使用速效碳水化合物或胰高血糖素进行快速治疗很重要。持续葡萄糖监测设备在预防低血糖方面已得到更广泛的应用。
