Fahey P J, Stallkamp E T, Kwatra S
Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1996 Apr;53(5):1611-24.
The numerous benefits of exercise for patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus include an increase in insulin sensitivity and a reduction of blood glucose levels. However, competitive athletes with type I diabetes must be careful when planning to exercise. The most common potential complications in these athletes include exercise-induced hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and postexercise hypoglycemia due to increased insulin sensitivity. With proper modifications of insulin dose and diet, plus careful blood glucose monitoring, athletes with type I diabetes can exercise safely and regularly. To prevent hypoglycemia, the insulin dose may need to be reduced by 30 or 50 percent before exercise. Avoiding regular insulin at bedtime and reducing the evening insulin dose may help prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia after exercise. A tailored diet should reduce the chance of hypoglycemia.
运动对于胰岛素依赖型（I型）糖尿病患者有诸多益处，包括提高胰岛素敏感性以及降低血糖水平。然而，I型糖尿病的竞技运动员在计划运动时必须谨慎。这些运动员最常见的潜在并发症包括运动诱发的低血糖或高血糖以及由于胰岛素敏感性增加导致的运动后低血糖。通过适当调整胰岛素剂量和饮食，再加上仔细监测血糖，I型糖尿病运动员可以安全且规律地进行运动。为预防低血糖，运动前胰岛素剂量可能需要减少30%或50%。避免睡前使用常规胰岛素并减少夜间胰岛素剂量可能有助于预防运动后的夜间低血糖。定制的饮食应降低低血糖发生的几率。
