Nielsen Helene Myrtue, Tost Jörg
Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France.
Subcell Biochem. 2013;61:455-78. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4525-4_20.
In higher eukaryotic organisms epigenetic modifications are crucial for proper chromatin folding and thereby proper regulation of gene expression. In the last years the involvement of aberrant epigenetic modifications in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been recognized and attracted significant interest. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the different disease phenotypes are still poorly understood. As autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are at least partly T cell mediated, we will provide in this chapter an introduction to the epigenetics of T cell differentiation followed by a summary of the current knowledge on aberrant epigenetic modifications that dysfunctional T cells display in various diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.
在高等真核生物中，表观遗传修饰对于正确的染色质折叠以及基因表达的适当调控至关重要。近年来，异常表观遗传修饰在炎症和自身免疫性疾病中的作用已得到认可，并引起了广泛关注。然而，不同疾病表型背后的表观遗传机制仍知之甚少。由于自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病至少部分是由T细胞介导的，因此在本章中，我们将首先介绍T细胞分化的表观遗传学，然后总结目前关于功能失调的T细胞在1型糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症、炎症性肠病和哮喘等各种疾病中所表现出的异常表观遗传修饰的知识。
