García-Bajos Elvira, Migueles Malen
Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2013;66(7):1317-30. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.739184. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
Using the retrieval-practice paradigm, we examined the effects of script and selective retrieval on the recall of high- and low-typicality actions of everyday activities. The participants studied two activities, Getting up in the morning and Going to a restaurant, each consisting of high-typicality and low-typicality actions. They then practised half of the high- or low-typicality actions of an activity, with recall of the unpractised activity serving as baseline. Script-driven processing prompted the recall of high-typicality actions and produced more high-typicality than low-typicality intrusions. Selective retrieval practice of the high-typicality script actions did not have an adverse effect on the recall of high- or low-typicality actions, while practising low-typicality actions not representative of the scripts produced retrieval-induced forgetting of other low-typicality actions. Scripts provide the cognitive system with flexibility and economy, but side-effects such as high-typicality intrusions and poor memory for detail can also derive from script processing.
我们采用检索练习范式，研究了脚本和选择性检索对日常活动中高典型性和低典型性动作回忆的影响。参与者学习了两项活动，即早上起床和去餐馆，每项活动都包含高典型性和低典型性动作。然后，他们对一项活动中的一半高典型性或低典型性动作进行练习，以未练习活动的回忆作为基线。脚本驱动的加工促进了高典型性动作的回忆，并且产生的高典型性侵入比低典型性侵入更多。对高典型性脚本动作的选择性检索练习对高典型性或低典型性动作的回忆没有不利影响，而练习不代表脚本的低典型性动作会导致对其他低典型性动作的检索诱导遗忘。脚本为认知系统提供了灵活性和经济性，但脚本加工也可能产生诸如高典型性侵入和细节记忆不佳等副作用。
