a Faculty of Psychology , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , San Sebastián , Spain.
Memory. 2014;22(3):212-21. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.778288. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
Selective retrieval practice of category exemplars often impairs the recall of related items, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). In Experiment 1 the role of item typicality (high, low) and presentation format of category exemplars (random, grouped) were analysed, while in Experiment 2 two encoding strategies (inter and intracategory) to modulate RIF were tested. Exemplar typicality was the critical factor underlying RIF. Competition during retrieval practice rendered RIF in the typical exemplars, but RIF did not appear when the exemplars were low typicality. The greater impairment of strong exemplars is in line with the inhibitory account of RIF and the notion of interference dependence. Inhibition appeared with random and grouped presentations suggesting that presentation format of the exemplars is not a critical factor in modulating RIF in a category-cued recall task. Distinctive processing instructions using sentences that connected items from different categories (intercategory strategy) and integration instructions by using size to organise the exemplars within categories (intracategory strategy) easily avoided competition and the need of inhibition processes in recall.
类别范例的选择性检索练习通常会损害相关项目的回忆，这种现象称为检索诱发遗忘（RIF）。在实验 1 中分析了项目典型性（高、低）和类别范例呈现格式（随机、分组）的作用，而在实验 2 中测试了两种调节 RIF 的编码策略（类别间和类别内）。范例典型性是 RIF 的关键因素。检索练习中的竞争导致了典型范例中的 RIF，但当范例的典型性较低时，RIF 则不会出现。强范例的更大损害符合 RIF 的抑制理论和干扰依赖的概念。随机和分组呈现都出现了抑制，这表明范例的呈现格式不是在类别提示回忆任务中调节 RIF 的关键因素。使用连接不同类别项目的句子的独特处理指令（类别间策略）和使用大小将范例整合到类别内的集成指令（类别内策略）很容易避免竞争和在回忆中需要抑制过程。
