Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Jan;103(1):92-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300812. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
We assessed implicit and explicit bias against both Latinos and African Americans among experienced primary care providers (PCPs) and community members (CMs) in the same geographic area.
Two hundred ten PCPs and 190 CMs from 3 health care organizations in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area completed Implicit Association Tests and self-report measures of implicit and explicit bias, respectively.
With a 60% participation rate, the PCPs demonstrated substantial implicit bias against both Latinos and African Americans, but this was no different from CMs. Explicit bias was largely absent in both groups. Adjustment for background characteristics showed the PCPs had slightly weaker ethnic/racial bias than CMs.
This research provided the first evidence of implicit bias against Latinos in health care, as well as confirming previous findings of implicit bias against African Americans. Lack of substantive differences in bias between the experienced PCPs and CMs suggested a wider societal problem. At the same time, the wide range of implicit bias suggested that bias in health care is neither uniform nor inevitable, and important lessons might be learned from providers who do not exhibit bias.
我们评估了在同一地理区域内，经验丰富的初级保健提供者（PCP）和社区成员（CM）对拉丁裔和非裔美国人的内隐和外显偏见。
丹佛科罗拉多州大都市地区的 3 家医疗保健组织的 210 名 PCP 和 190 名 CM 分别完成了内隐联想测验和内隐和外显偏见的自我报告测量。
在 60%的参与率下，PCP 对拉丁裔和非裔美国人表现出明显的内隐偏见，但与 CM 没有区别。两组的外显偏见基本不存在。调整背景特征后，PCP 的种族/民族偏见略低于 CM。
这项研究首次提供了医疗保健中存在对拉丁裔的内隐偏见的证据，同时也证实了先前对非裔美国人的内隐偏见的发现。经验丰富的 PCP 和 CM 之间的偏见没有实质性差异表明存在更广泛的社会问题。同时，广泛的内隐偏见表明医疗保健中的偏见既不是统一的，也不是不可避免的，并且可以从没有表现出偏见的提供者那里吸取重要的经验教训。
