Department of Pathology Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Theriogenology. 2013 Jan 15;79(2):219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.005. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
The aim of the study was to further characterize the relationship between hemodynamic changes in the ovary and luteal function in pregnant and nonpregnant bitches. Fourteen German Shepherd bitches were monitored three times a week from the first day of cytological diestrus (D1) until parturition or the end of diestrus (progesterone <2 ng/mL) by color Doppler, pulsed wave spectral Doppler, and power Doppler (PD) ultrasonography. By means of PD the total number of color pixels were calculated. The Doppler parameters evaluated were: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and both resistive and pulsatility indices. Blood samples were collected three times a week throughout the experiment to determine progesterone (P4) concentrations. The length of diestrus in pregnant versus nonpregnant group was significantly shorter (P < 0.01; 57 ± 1 vs. 63 ± 1, respectively). By means of pulsed wave spectral Doppler the waveform showed a typical pattern of a low-resistive vessel characterized by a rapid systolic peak followed by a slow telediastolic decrease with a relatively high end-diastolic velocity. Blood flow parameters did not differ between left and right ovary. In both groups PSV and EDV showed a gradual decrease with the progress of diestrus; however, the values of PSV and EDV were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the pregnant group versus nonpregnant group from D31 to D61 and from D49 to D58 respectively. Moreover, a significantly decrease (P < 0.05) of PSV and EDV in the pregnant group was observed from D46 to D58 and from D49 to D55, respectively. The resistive and pulsatility indices showed an increase during diestrus and the values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the pregnant group from D49 to D61. By means of PD, the pixel number was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the pregnant versus nonpregnant group from D40 to D61. In particular, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the pixel number in the pregnant group was observed from D46 to D61. The comparison of the P4 values with the ovarian pixel number in the pregnant and nonpregnant group showed a direct correlation (r = 0.792, N = 59 and r = 0.774, N = 59, respectively). In particular, the P4 values were higher (P < 0.05) in the pregnant than in the nonpregnant group from D37 to D52. In conclusion, significant physiological differences between pregnant and nonpregnant bitches in terms of P4 and ovarian blood supply are reported. In addition it was possible to define that blood flow pattern during diestrus in pregnant bitches is not always closely related with P4 production.
本研究旨在进一步描述怀孕和未怀孕母犬卵巢血流动力学变化与黄体功能之间的关系。14 只德国牧羊犬从细胞学发情期（D1）的第一天开始，每周监测 3 次，直至分娩或发情结束（孕酮 <2ng/mL），采用彩色多普勒、脉冲波频谱多普勒和功率多普勒（PD）超声进行监测。通过 PD 计算总的彩色像素数。评估的多普勒参数包括：收缩期峰值速度（PSV）、舒张末期速度（EDV）、阻力指数和搏动指数。整个实验过程中每周采集 3 次血样以确定孕酮（P4）浓度。怀孕组与未怀孕组的发情期长度明显缩短（P <0.01；分别为 57 ± 1 天和 63 ± 1 天）。通过脉冲波频谱多普勒，波形呈现出低阻力血管的典型模式，其特征是快速收缩峰值，随后是缓慢的舒张晚期下降，相对较高的舒张末期速度。左右卵巢的血流参数没有差异。在两组中，PSV 和 EDV 随着发情期的进展逐渐下降；然而，从 D31 到 D61 以及从 D49 到 D58，怀孕组的 PSV 和 EDV 值明显更高（P <0.05）。此外，从 D46 到 D58 和从 D49 到 D55，怀孕组的 PSV 和 EDV 值显著下降（P <0.05）。阻力指数和搏动指数在发情期内增加，怀孕组从 D49 到 D61 的值明显较低（P <0.05）。通过 PD，从 D40 到 D61，怀孕组的像素数明显更高（P <0.05）。特别是，从 D46 到 D61，怀孕组的像素数显著下降（P <0.05）。将 P4 值与怀孕和未怀孕组的卵巢像素数进行比较，显示出直接相关性（r = 0.792，N = 59 和 r = 0.774，N = 59，分别）。特别是，从 D37 到 D52，怀孕组的 P4 值明显高于未怀孕组（P <0.05）。总之，报告了怀孕和未怀孕母犬在 P4 和卵巢血液供应方面的显著生理差异。此外，还可以确定在怀孕母犬发情期间，血流模式并不总是与 P4 的产生密切相关。
