直觉的阴暗面:衰老与非最优直觉决策的增加。

The dark side of intuition: aging and increases in nonoptimal intuitive decisions.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.

出版信息

Emotion. 2013 Apr;13(2):189-95. doi: 10.1037/a0030441. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

Abstract

When making decisions, people typically draw on two general modes of thought: intuition and reason. Age-related changes in cognition and emotion may impact these decision processes: Although older individuals experience declines in deliberative processes, they experience stability or improvement in their emotional processes. Recent research has shown that when older adults rely more on their intact emotional abilities versus their declining deliberative faculties, the quality of their decisions is significantly improved. But how would older adults fare under circumstances in which intuitive/affective processes lead to nonoptimal decisions? The ratio bias paradigm embodies just such a circumstance, offering individuals a chance to win money by drawing, say, a red jellybean from one of two dishes containing red and white jellybeans. People will often choose to draw from a dish with a greater absolute number of winners (nine red beans and 91 white beans; 9%) than a dish with a greater probability of winning (one red bean and nine white beans; 10%) due to a strong emotional pull toward the greater number. We examined whether older adults (N = 30) would make more nonoptimal decisions on the ratio bias task than young adults (N = 30). We found that older adults did make more nonoptimal choices than their younger counterparts and that positive affect was associated with nonoptimal choices.

摘要

在做决策时,人们通常会运用两种思维模式:直觉和理性。认知和情绪的年龄相关变化可能会影响这些决策过程:尽管老年人在深思熟虑的过程中会出现衰退,但他们的情绪过程却保持稳定或有所改善。最近的研究表明,当老年人更多地依赖其健全的情绪能力而不是其衰退的深思熟虑能力时,他们的决策质量会显著提高。但是,在直觉/情感过程导致非最佳决策的情况下,老年人会如何应对呢?比率偏差范式体现了这样一种情况,它为个人提供了一个机会,通过从两个装有红、白两种豆的碗中抽取红色软糖来赢得奖金。由于对更大数量的强烈情感吸引力,人们通常会选择从一个有更多绝对赢家的碗中抽取(9 个红豆和 91 个白豆;9%),而不是从一个有更大获胜概率的碗中抽取(1 个红豆和 9 个白豆;10%)。我们研究了老年人(N=30)在比率偏差任务上做出的非最佳决策是否会比年轻人(N=30)更多。我们发现,老年人做出的非最佳选择确实比年轻人多,积极情绪与非最佳选择有关。

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