Preventive Services, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Dec 15;206 Suppl 1:S80-6. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis540.
Limited data exist on the burden of influenza in developing countries. In 2008, in order to better understand the epidemiology of influenza virus infection in Tanzania, the Tanzanian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare created a sentinel surveillance system for influenza. At 5 hospitals across the country, patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) had oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples collected. At the National Influenza Center in Dar es Salaam, specimens were tested for influenza using real-time polymerase chain reaction tests. From May 2008 through November 2010, a total of 1794 samples were collected from 5 sentinel sites, of which 61% were from patients with ILI and 39% were from patients with SARI. Of all ILI and SARI samples, 8.0% were positive for influenza; 6.9% yielded influenza A virus, and 1.1% yielded influenza B virus. Most influenza A virus was subtype H3, which circulated in nearly every month of 2010. The proportion of influenza-positive cases was similar among ILI (8.5%) and SARI (7.3%) patients (P = .39). In multivariate logistic regression, influenza-positive SARI cases were more likely than influenza-negative SARI cases to have had rhonchi (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-4.67), nasal discharge (aOR, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.30-16.10), and stridor (aOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.17-5.90). Influenza-positive ILI patients had a longer duration of fever on presentation, compared with influenza-negative ILI patients (median, 4 vs 3 days; P = .004). Otherwise, there was no difference in signs or symptoms among influenza-positive and influenza-negative ILI patients. During 2.5 years of surveillance for influenza at 5 geographically disbursed sites in Tanzania, we found that influenza circulated year-round. Surveillance should continue in order to fully understand the seasonality and epidemiology of influenza in Tanzania.
发展中国家的流感负担数据有限。2008 年，为了更好地了解坦桑尼亚流感病毒感染的流行病学情况，坦桑尼亚卫生部和社会福利部建立了流感监测系统。在全国 5 家医院，有流感样疾病（ILI）和严重急性呼吸道感染（SARI）的患者采集了口咽和鼻咽样本。在达累斯萨拉姆的国家流感中心，使用实时聚合酶链反应检测法对标本进行流感检测。从 2008 年 5 月到 2010 年 11 月，从 5 个监测点共采集了 1794 个样本，其中 61%来自 ILI 患者，39%来自 SARI 患者。所有 ILI 和 SARI 样本中，有 8.0%为流感阳性；6.9%为甲型流感病毒，1.1%为乙型流感病毒。大多数甲型流感病毒为 H3 亚型，几乎在 2010 年的每个月都有流行。ILI（8.5%）和 SARI（7.3%）患者的流感阳性病例比例相似（P=0.39）。在多变量逻辑回归中，流感阳性 SARI 病例比流感阴性 SARI 病例更有可能出现哮鸣音（调整后的比值比[aOR]，2.31；95%置信区间[CI]，1.14-4.67）、鼻分泌物（aOR，4.57；95%CI，1.30-16.10）和喘鸣（aOR，2.63；95%CI，1.17-5.90）。与流感阴性 ILI 患者相比，流感阳性 ILI 患者的发热持续时间更长（中位数，4 天与 3 天；P=0.004）。此外，流感阳性和流感阴性 ILI 患者的体征或症状没有差异。在坦桑尼亚 5 个地理位置分散的监测点进行了 2.5 年的流感监测，发现流感全年流行。为了充分了解坦桑尼亚流感的季节性和流行病学情况，应继续进行监测。
