Collingwood Football Club, Melbourne, Australia.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013 Jul;8(4):391-9. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.8.4.391. Epub 2012 Nov 19.
Little research has been done on the physiological and performance effects of altitude training on team-sport athletes. Therefore, this study examined changes in 2000-m time-trial running performance (TT), hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), and intramuscular carnosine content of elite Australian Football (AF) players after a preseason altitude camp.
Thirty elite AF players completed 19 days of living and training at either moderate altitude (~2130 m; ALT, n = 21) or sea level (CON, n = 9). TT performance and Hbmass were assessed preintervention (PRE) and postintervention (POST1) in both groups and at 4 wk after returning to sea level (POST2) in ALT only.
Improvement in TT performance after altitude was likely 1.5% (± 4.8-90%CL) greater in ALT than in CON, with an individual responsiveness of 0.8%. Improvements in TT were maintained at POST2 in ALT. Hbmass after altitude was very likely increased in ALT compared with CON (2.8% ± 3.5%), with an individual responsiveness of 1.3%. Hbmass returned to baseline at POST2. Intramuscular carnosine did not change in either gastrocnemius or soleus from PRE to POST1.
A preseason altitude camp improved TT performance and Hbmass in elite AF players to a magnitude similar to that demonstrated by elite endurance athletes undertaking altitude training. The individual responsiveness of both TT and Hbmass was approximately half the group mean effect, indicating that most players gained benefit. The maintenance of running performance for 4 wk, despite Hbmass returning to baseline, suggests that altitude training is a valuable preparation for AF players leading into the competitive season.
针对团队运动运动员进行高原训练对其生理和运动表现的影响,研究较少。因此,本研究检测了澳大利亚足球(AF)精英运动员在高原训练前营地后 2000 米计时赛(TT)跑步表现、血红蛋白质量(Hbmass)和肌肉内肌肽含量的变化。
30 名 AF 精英运动员在中海拔(~2130 米;ALT,n=21)或海平面(CON,n=9)进行为期 19 天的生活和训练。两组运动员在干预前(PRE)和干预后(POST1)进行 TT 表现和 Hbmass 评估,仅在 ALT 组运动员返回海平面后 4 周(POST2)进行评估。
与 CON 相比,ALT 组运动员 TT 表现的改善可能更高,约为 1.5%(±4.8-90%CL),个体反应性为 0.8%。ALT 组运动员在 POST2 时 TT 表现仍保持改善。与 CON 相比,ALT 组运动员的 Hbmass 增加可能很大(2.8%±3.5%),个体反应性为 1.3%。Hbmass 在 POST2 时恢复到基线。在腓肠肌或比目鱼肌中,肌肉内肌肽在 PRE 到 POST1 期间没有变化。
高原训练前营地提高了 AF 精英运动员的 TT 表现和 Hbmass,幅度与进行高原训练的精英耐力运动员相似。TT 和 Hbmass 的个体反应性约为组平均效应的一半,表明大多数运动员都受益。尽管 Hbmass 恢复到基线,但跑步表现仍能维持 4 周,这表明高原训练对进入比赛赛季的 AF 运动员是一种有价值的准备。