Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
PM R. 2012 Nov;4(11):797-804. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.10.007.
Physical activity and fitness are associated with a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, and diabetes. This review discusses the body's response to an acute bout of exercise and long-term physiological adaptations to exercise training with an emphasis on endurance exercise. An overview is provided of skeletal muscle actions, muscle fiber types, and the major metabolic pathways involved in energy production. The importance of adequate fluid intake during exercise sessions to prevent impairments induced by dehydration on endurance exercise, muscular power, and strength is discussed. Physiological adaptations that result from regular exercise training such as increases in cardiorespiratory capacity and strength are mentioned. The review emphasizes the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations that lead to improvements in maximal oxygen capacity.
体力活动和健康与较低的慢性疾病患病率相关，如心脏病、癌症、高血压和糖尿病。本综述讨论了人体对急性运动的反应以及对耐力运动训练的长期生理适应，重点是耐力运动。概述了骨骼肌的作用、肌纤维类型以及参与能量产生的主要代谢途径。讨论了在运动过程中摄入足够液体以防止脱水对耐力运动、肌肉力量和力量产生的影响的重要性。提到了定期运动训练带来的生理适应，如心肺能力和力量的提高。本综述强调了导致最大摄氧量提高的心血管和代谢适应。
