Scott B, Lindberg P, Melin L, Lyttkens L
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
Br J Audiol. 1990 Feb;24(1):51-62. doi: 10.3109/03005369009077842.
In a nation-wide investigation, covering all the hearing centres in Sweden, a study was made of adaptation processes, subjective discomfort from tinnitus, subjective loudness of tinnitus and psychological complaints in 3372 subjects by means of a questionnaire. The most important predictors of discomfort from and adaptation to tinnitus were found to be the controllability and the degree of maskability by external sounds, i.e. the subject's coping abilities or internal-external locus of control. Increased control and masking effects from the environment imply a decrease in discomfort and better adaptation. The most important predictor of worsened subjective loudness of tinnitus was the duration of the tinnitus. That is, subjects who had had tinnitus for a longer time perceived the loudness as more intense. The psychosomatic factors which most strongly predicted increased discomfort from and decreased tolerance to tinnitus were depression and insomnia. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for the management and treatment of tinnitus.
在一项覆盖瑞典所有听力中心的全国性调查中，通过问卷调查对3372名受试者的适应过程、耳鸣引起的主观不适、耳鸣的主观响度和心理问题进行了研究。发现耳鸣不适和适应的最重要预测因素是可控性以及外部声音的掩蔽程度，即受试者的应对能力或内外控制点。环境中控制和掩蔽效果的增强意味着不适的减少和更好的适应。耳鸣主观响度恶化的最重要预测因素是耳鸣的持续时间。也就是说，耳鸣时间较长的受试者感觉响度更强。最能强烈预测耳鸣不适增加和耐受性降低的身心因素是抑郁和失眠。这些发现对耳鸣的管理和治疗具有理论和实际意义。
