Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Jan 16;415:322-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.014. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
Recent alcohol intake can be monitored by the measurement of indirect biomarkers. Elevated levels of liver enzymes (i.e. gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST)) in blood are commonly used in clinical practice as an indicator of alcohol-induced liver damage. With the exception of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), the specificity of indirect markers is only moderate because many cases of elevated levels are unrelated to alcohol consumption. Because of their intermediate half-life and tendency to accumulate in hair, non-oxidative ethanol metabolites can be used as markers with an intermediate timeframe between ethanol measurements and GGT and CDT with regard to recent alcohol consumption occurring between hours to 1 week. Additionally, these biomarkers offer a high ethanol-specificity in combination with approximately a two-fold higher sensitivity in comparison with indirect alcohol markers. In case of forensic use of direct ethanol metabolites, caution has to be taken in interpretation and pre-analytical pitfalls should be considered.
近期饮酒情况可以通过间接生物标志物的测量来监测。血液中肝酶（即γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST））水平升高在临床实践中通常被用作酒精性肝损伤的指标。除了转铁蛋白缺乏症（CDT）外，间接标志物的特异性仅为中等，因为许多升高的情况与饮酒无关。由于其半衰期中间和在头发中积累的趋势，非氧化乙醇代谢物可用作标志物，其时间范围在乙醇测量和 GGT 之间，与 1 周内发生的最近的饮酒情况有关。此外，与间接酒精标志物相比，这些生物标志物的乙醇特异性更高，灵敏度大约高出两倍。在直接乙醇代谢物的法医用途中，在解释时必须小心谨慎，并考虑到预分析的陷阱。
