School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013 Feb;21(1):8-16. doi: 10.1037/a0030683. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
Training social drinkers to exercise motor inhibitory control leads to a reduction in alcohol consumption. However, it is unclear if participants should attempt to exercise inhibitory control in the presence of alcohol-related cues or if nonspecific inhibition training is equally effective. It is also unclear if comparable effects can be demonstrated by training oculomotor inhibitory control. We trained motor inhibition in the context of a modified stop-signal task (experiment 1) and oculomotor inhibition in the context of a modified antisaccade task (experiment 2) before investigating the influence of these manipulations on alcohol consumption. Results from experiment 1 demonstrated that training motor inhibition in the presence of alcohol-related cues led to reduced ad libitum alcohol consumption in the laboratory but not self-reported drinking in the week after training. These effects were seen in contrast to a control group that received no inhibition training and another control group that was trained to inhibit only in the presence of neutral cues; alcohol consumption did not differ between the latter two groups. In experiment 2, training of oculomotor inhibition in the presence of alcohol-related cues led to slowed eye movements toward target cues on catch trials, but it did not influence the proportion of inhibitory failures and had no influence on alcohol consumption in the laboratory. We conclude that training participants to exercise inhibitory control in the presence of alcohol-related cues can reduce alcohol consumption, but the effects are transient and are only seen when motor, but not oculomotor, inhibition is trained.
训练社交饮酒者进行运动抑制控制会导致饮酒量减少。然而，目前尚不清楚参与者是否应该在存在与酒精相关的线索的情况下尝试进行抑制控制，或者非特定的抑制训练是否同样有效。同样不清楚是否可以通过训练眼动抑制控制来证明类似的效果。我们在修改后的停止信号任务（实验 1）的背景下训练运动抑制，在修改后的反向眼动任务（实验 2）的背景下训练眼动抑制，然后调查这些操作对饮酒的影响。实验 1 的结果表明，在存在与酒精相关的线索的情况下进行运动抑制训练会导致实验室中自由饮酒量减少，但不会导致训练后一周内的自我报告饮酒量减少。与未接受抑制训练的对照组和仅在中性线索存在下接受抑制训练的另一个对照组相比，这些效果明显；后两组之间的饮酒量没有差异。在实验 2 中，在存在与酒精相关的线索的情况下进行眼动抑制训练会导致在捕获试验中眼睛运动朝向目标线索的速度减慢，但不会影响抑制失败的比例，也不会影响实验室中的饮酒量。我们得出结论，训练参与者在存在与酒精相关的线索的情况下进行抑制控制可以减少饮酒量，但效果是短暂的，只有在训练运动抑制而不是眼动抑制时才会出现。
