EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 27;12:559. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-559.
This study aimed to systematically review the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of yoga on physical and psychosocial outcomes in cancer patients and survivors.
A systematic literature search in ten databases was conducted in November 2011. Studies were included if they had an RCT design, focused on cancer patients or survivors, included physical postures in the yoga program, compared yoga with a non-exercise or waitlist control group, and evaluated physical and/or psychosocial outcomes. Two researchers independently rated the quality of the included RCTs, and high quality was defined as >50% of the total possible score. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for outcomes studied in more than three studies among patients with breast cancer using means and standard deviations of post-test scores of the intervention and control groups.
Sixteen publications of 13 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, of which one included patients with lymphomas and the others focused on patients with breast cancer. The median quality score was 67% (range: 22-89%). The included studies evaluated 23 physical and 20 psychosocial outcomes. Of the outcomes studied in more than three studies among patients with breast cancer, we found large reductions in distress, anxiety, and depression (d = -0.69 to -0.75), moderate reductions in fatigue (d = -0.51), moderate increases in general quality of life, emotional function and social function (d = 0.33 to 0.49), and a small increase in functional well-being (d = 0.31). Effects on physical function and sleep were small and not significant.
Yoga appeared to be a feasible intervention and beneficial effects on several physical and psychosocial symptoms were reported. In patients with breast cancer, effect size on functional well-being was small, and they were moderate to large for psychosocial outcomes.
本研究旨在系统地回顾随机对照试验（RCT）的证据，并对瑜伽对癌症患者和幸存者的身体和社会心理结果的影响进行荟萃分析。
于 2011 年 11 月在 10 个数据库中进行了系统文献检索。如果研究具有 RCT 设计，关注癌症患者或幸存者，在瑜伽方案中包含身体姿势，将瑜伽与非运动或候补对照组进行比较，并且评估身体和/或社会心理结果，则将其纳入研究。两位研究人员独立评估纳入 RCT 的质量，高质量定义为总可能得分的>50％。对于乳腺癌患者中进行了超过三项研究的结果，使用干预组和对照组的后测得分的平均值和标准差计算效应大小（Cohen's d）。
符合纳入标准的 13 项 RCT 的 16 项出版物，其中一项纳入了淋巴瘤患者，其余的则侧重于乳腺癌患者。中位数质量评分 67％（范围：22-89％）。纳入的研究评估了 23 项身体和 20 项社会心理结果。在乳腺癌患者中进行了超过三项研究的结果中，我们发现焦虑，焦虑和抑郁的发生率大大降低（d=-0.69 至-0.75），疲劳（d=-0.51）中度降低，一般生活质量，情绪功能和社会功能适度提高（d=0.33 至 0.49），功能健康状况略有提高（d=0.31）。身体功能和睡眠的影响较小且无统计学意义。
瑜伽似乎是一种可行的干预措施，并且报告了对几种身体和社会心理症状的有益影响。在乳腺癌患者中，功能健康状况的效果大小较小，而心理社会结果的效果大小为中度至较大。
