治疗发育中的大脑：来自人类影像和小鼠遗传学的启示。
Treating the developing brain: implications from human imaging and mouse genetics.
机构信息
Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell MedicalCollege, New York, New York 10065, USA.
出版信息
Annu Rev Med. 2013;64:427-39. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-052611-130408. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
Abstract
A fundamental issue in psychiatric medicine is the lack of empirical evidence indicating when, during development, a treatment will be most effective for a patient. We review behavioral and brain changes that occur across development, focusing on the period of adolescence, when there is a peak in diagnosis of many psychiatric disorders. We use anxiety disorders as an example because of their high prevalence in youth (affecting as many as 1 in 10). Basic forms of fear learning, which are at the core of anxiety disorders and are the targets of behavioral therapeutics, are examined as a function of age. We also discuss how fear learning has been genetically modulated in mice and humans. Based on these findings, we provide future directions for determining the efficacy of innovative therapies and preventive strategies for anxiety disorders as a function of age and potential genetic effects inferred from mice and humans.
摘要
精神病学中的一个基本问题是缺乏经验证据表明治疗何时对患者最有效。我们回顾了在发育过程中发生的行为和大脑变化，重点关注青春期，因为许多精神疾病的诊断在此期间达到高峰。我们以焦虑症为例，因为它们在年轻人中的发病率很高（多达 10 分之一的人受影响）。作为焦虑症的核心，也是行为治疗的目标的基本形式的恐惧学习，根据年龄进行了检查。我们还讨论了恐惧学习如何在老鼠和人类中被遗传修饰。基于这些发现，我们为确定焦虑症创新疗法和预防策略的疗效提供了未来的方向，这些疗效是根据年龄和从老鼠和人类推断的潜在遗传效应来确定的。
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