Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
EPMA J. 2010 Sep;1(3):513-21. doi: 10.1007/s13167-010-0047-9. Epub 2010 Sep 12.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common and is associated with a considerable mortality. Morbidity and thereby mortality can be reduced by using different prevention strategies such as lifestyle interventions and chemoprevention. Endoscopic surveillance of high-risk individuals and population-based endoscopic screening of average-risk individuals enables detection and removal of premalignant lesions (adenomas) as well as presymptomatic detection of cancer. Implementation of cancer detection tests such as fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) is another strategy to reduce cancer mortality by early detection of CRC. Personalized management, based on estimates of the individual risk using information concerning environmental factors, lifestyle, family history, personality, social background and phenotype in combination with a variety of biomarkers such as genotype, will become more important as a strategy to optimize CRC prevention in the future.
结直肠癌（CRC）很常见，与之相关的死亡率也相当高。通过采用不同的预防策略，如生活方式干预和化学预防，可以降低发病率和死亡率。对高危人群进行内镜监测和对一般风险人群进行基于人群的内镜筛查，可以发现和切除癌前病变（腺瘤），以及在出现症状前发现癌症。实施癌症检测测试，如粪便潜血试验（FOBT），是通过早期发现 CRC 来降低癌症死亡率的另一种策略。基于使用有关环境因素、生活方式、家族史、个性、社会背景和表型的信息来估计个体风险，并结合各种生物标志物（如基因型）的个性化管理，将成为未来优化 CRC 预防的重要策略。
