Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde/Plastische Operationen, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, Leipzig, 04103 Germany.
EPMA J. 2011 Jun;2(2):241-9. doi: 10.1007/s13167-011-0082-1. Epub 2011 May 14.
This article focuses on squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx, pharynx and oral cavity which count nearly 90% of the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Individual susceptibility depends on an individually given genetic background and/or acquired conditions or factors elevating the risk of HNSCC including smoking, alcohol abuse, and improper oral hygiene. A key issue in HNSCC pathogenesis is their development within large preneoplastic fields of mucosal epithelium made up of genetically altered cells that are clonally related to the carcinoma. Other individual differences in development of HNSCC comprise infection with pathogenic microbes and oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes like HPV 16 (a strong risk factor mainly for oropharyngeal cancer). Interestingly, the presence of HPV 16 also goes in line with better outcome after therapy. Vaccination against HPV infection in children plays an increasing role in prevention strategies and probably also reduces the oncogenic risk for HNSCC.
本文重点介绍喉、咽和口腔的鳞状细胞癌，它们占头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）的近 90%。个体易感性取决于个体特有的遗传背景和/或增加 HNSCC 风险的获得性条件或因素，包括吸烟、酗酒和口腔卫生不当。HNSCC 发病机制中的一个关键问题是它们在由遗传改变的细胞组成的大黏膜上皮癌前区域内发展，这些细胞与癌克隆相关。HNSCC 发展的其他个体差异包括感染致病性微生物和致癌性人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）亚型，如 HPV 16（主要是口咽癌的强危险因素）。有趣的是，HPV 16 的存在也与治疗后的更好结果一致。针对 HPV 感染的儿童疫苗接种在预防策略中发挥着越来越重要的作用，可能也降低了 HNSCC 的致癌风险。
