Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2013 Feb;23(1):123-45. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2012.08.010.
Thyroid cancer includes several neoplasms originating from the thyroid gland-from indolent and curable histologies of differentiated thyroid carcinoma to aggressive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Differentiation of thyroid nodules is problematic on CT and MR imaging unless there is evidence of extrathyroidal extension. Evaluation of regional lymph nodes is often performed clinically or with ultrasound. The retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph nodes are better evaluated by CT and MR imaging. Nuclear scintigraphy is useful for staging and treatment of distant metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. PET may have a role in aggressive cancers. Accurate staging affects surgical management and subsequent therapy.
甲状腺癌包括几种源自甲状腺的肿瘤——从惰性且可治愈的分化型甲状腺癌到侵袭性间变性甲状腺癌。除非有甲状腺外侵犯的证据，否则 CT 和 MRI 对甲状腺结节的分化诊断存在问题。颈部淋巴结的评估通常通过临床或超声进行。咽后和纵隔淋巴结则通过 CT 和 MRI 更好地评估。核闪烁扫描对分化型甲状腺癌的分期和远处转移的治疗有用。PET 在侵袭性癌症中可能有一定作用。准确的分期影响手术管理和后续治疗。
