American Society for Clinical Pathology, Washington, DC, USA.
Vaccine. 2012 Nov 20;30 Suppl 5:F117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.071.
The discovery of the necessary cause of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), has led to important technological advances, including the development of molecular tests for HPV to identify women with cervical precancerous lesions. HPV testing has proven to be more sensitive and more reliable, albeit less specific, for detection of cervical precancer than cytologic methods of detection. As the result, HPV testing can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer within 4-5 years and reduce the mortality due to cervical cancer within 8 years compared to cytology. Additionally, a negative HPV test provides greater reassurance against cervical cancer than a negative Pap test. HPV testing, because of its attributes, is useful for screening out low-risk women who do not need further intervention for 5 or more years. Thus, HPV testing can shift the emphasis of the use of Pap testing or any other more specific diagnostic test from frequent use in the entire population to the ~10% subset of women who tested positive for the causal factor, HPV. Here, we highlight the current and future status of the introduction of HPV testing into routine cervical cancer screening. This article forms part of a special supplement entitled "Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections and Related Diseases" Vaccine Volume 30, Supplement 5, 2012.
宫颈癌病因——人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的发现，带来了重要的技术进步，包括 HPV 分子检测技术的发展，用于识别宫颈癌前病变的女性。HPV 检测在宫颈癌前病变的检测上，其灵敏度和可靠性优于细胞学方法，但特异性较低。因此，与细胞学相比，HPV 检测可以在 4-5 年内降低宫颈癌的发病率，并在 8 年内降低宫颈癌的死亡率。此外，HPV 检测阴性比 Pap 检测阴性对宫颈癌的保护作用更大。由于其特性，HPV 检测可用于筛选出高危风险低的女性，5 年内无需进一步干预。因此，HPV 检测可以将 Pap 检测或任何其他更具特异性的诊断检测的使用重点从整个人群的频繁使用转移到约 10%的 HPV 检测阳性的女性亚组。在这里，我们重点介绍 HPV 检测引入常规宫颈癌筛查的现状和未来。本文是题为“HPV 感染及相关疾病的综合防控”的特刊的一部分，特刊刊于 2012 年第 30 卷增刊 5 期。
