University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2013 Jun;50(6):847-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.10.011. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
The purpose of this literature review is to document what is known about the most common symptoms and symptom clusters in adolescents receiving cancer treatment in order to advance the science of symptom management for this unique group of patients.
This review identified primary research reports focused on cancer-related symptoms in adolescents using methodology that included objective measurement of the symptom(s) or self-report from the adolescents.
We searched the literature using Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL from 2000 to 2011.
The first step of the review was to synthesize evidence to identify the most common symptoms experienced by adolescents during the cancer treatment period. The second step located findings from additional research about these specific symptoms individually or as clusters.
From 12 reports, we identified 6 common symptoms in adolescents during the treatment period: fatigue, sleep-wake disturbances, nausea/eating problems, pain, mood disturbances, and appearance changes. Findings from 51 studies provided a foundation of evidence about symptom trajectories, contributing factors, and associations between symptoms.
This review of the literature identified a relatively small body of research related to symptoms in adolescents during the cancer treatment period. Most of the studies were of low quality evidence and described individual symptoms rather than associations or clusters. A few longitudinal studies described symptoms during a cycle of chemotherapy and across months of chemotherapy treatment. With the exception of nausea, no studies tested any interventions to relieve these common symptoms in adolescents. To ensure that adolescents complete the challenging period of cancer treatment and emerge capable of achieving the developmental milestones of young adulthood, important work remains to be done in this field of symptom management.
本文献综述旨在记录青少年在接受癌症治疗过程中最常见的症状和症状群，以推进针对这一独特患者群体的症状管理科学。
本综述确定了使用包括对症状进行客观测量或青少年自我报告的方法，专门针对青少年癌症相关症状的原始研究报告。
我们使用 Medline、PubMed 和 CINAHL 从 2000 年到 2011 年进行了文献检索。
综述的第一步是综合证据，以确定青少年在癌症治疗期间经历的最常见症状。第二步是找到关于这些特定症状个体或作为症状群的额外研究结果。
从 12 份报告中，我们确定了青少年在治疗期间的 6 种常见症状：疲劳、睡眠-觉醒障碍、恶心/进食问题、疼痛、情绪障碍和外貌变化。来自 51 项研究的发现为症状轨迹、促成因素以及症状之间的关联提供了证据基础。
本文献综述确定了与青少年在癌症治疗期间相关的相对较少的研究。大多数研究的证据质量较低，描述了个体症状，而不是关联或症状群。少数纵向研究描述了化疗期间和化疗治疗数月期间的症状。除了恶心，没有研究测试任何干预措施来缓解这些青少年常见症状。为了确保青少年完成癌症治疗的挑战性阶段，并能够实现年轻成人的发展里程碑，在这一症状管理领域仍有重要工作要做。
