Zhou Li-Ying, Deng Yao, Steinmann Peter, Yang Kun
School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.
Parasitol Int. 2013 Apr;62(2):150-6. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
Schistosomiasis japonica continues to be an important zoonotic disease in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), despite decades of dedicated control efforts. Different interventions for its control including chemotherapy of humans and animals, mollusciciding, environmental modification, and health education have been implemented at various stages of the control efforts and in different combinations, resulting in remarkable achievements. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the documented effectiveness of health education to reduce schistosomiasis japonica transmission in P.R. China. A total of 10 relevant publications were identified and included in the meta-analysis. The reported results indicate that the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in humans and schistosomiasis-related knowledge are significantly influenced by health education. The implementation of health education over more than 2 years was associated with an overall schistosomiasis japonica prevalence decrease of 6% (95% CI: 2%, 11%) and an overall increase of 51% (95% CI: 41%, 61%) in schistosomiasis-related knowledge after controlling for confounding factors. Among control groups, the prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica and relevant knowledge levels were not significantly influenced. The relative risk (RR) of an infection with S. japonicum following health education lasting more than 2 years was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.78). In summary, a considerable effectiveness of health education with regard to preventing S. japonicum infections in P.R. China and increasing relevant knowledge is documented in the extant literature. This suggests that the effectiveness of health education may be considerable, particularly after its long-term implementation.
尽管经过数十年的不懈防治努力，但日本血吸虫病在中国仍是一种重要的人畜共患病。在防治工作的不同阶段，已实施了包括对人和动物进行化疗、灭螺、环境改造及健康教育在内的多种不同防治措施，并采用了不同的组合方式，取得了显著成效。在此，我们对中国健康教育在减少日本血吸虫病传播方面已记录的成效进行系统评价和荟萃分析。共识别出10篇相关出版物并纳入荟萃分析。报告结果表明，健康教育对人类日本血吸虫感染率及血吸虫病相关知识有显著影响。在控制混杂因素后，实施超过2年的健康教育与日本血吸虫病总体感染率下降6%（95%可信区间：2%，11%）以及血吸虫病相关知识总体增加51%（95%可信区间：41%，61%）相关。在对照组中，日本血吸虫病感染率及相关知识水平未受到显著影响。持续超过2年的健康教育后感染日本血吸虫的相对风险（RR）为0.43（95%可信区间：0.24，0.78）。总之，现有文献证明了健康教育在中国预防日本血吸虫感染及增加相关知识方面具有显著成效。这表明健康教育的成效可能相当显著，尤其是在长期实施之后。
